ÖZCAN GAYGUSUZ, Ali Serhan TARKAN, Hamdi AYDIN, ZEYNEP DORAK, Nildeniz TOP, Uğur KARAKUŞ, Lorenzo VILIZZI

Stocking of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) into Some Newly-Established Reservoirs of North-West Anatolia May Enhance the Spread of Non-Native Fish

Türkiye'de çoğunlukla 'yerelleşmiş' sazan Cyprinus carpio stoklamaları ile bilinen su kütlelerinin yabancı tatlısu balıkları ile stoklanmaları dünyada balıkçılığın geliştirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen yaygın bir uygulamadır. Ancak, aşılamaların yapıldığı su ortamlarına yakın yerleşim yerlerinde yaşayanlara sınırlı katkısı da olsa bu aşılamalar istilacı türlerin dağılımındaki en önemli kaynaklardan biridir. Türkiye'deki su kütlelerine yapılan sazan aşılamalarının getirdiği kar-zarar durumlarını değerlendirmek için Kocaeli Yarımadası'nda (kuzey-batı Anadolu) birbirlerine yakın 12 suni rezervuarda üç senelik bir araştırma gerçekleştirildi. Sazan haricinde 12'si doğal altısı yabancı olmak üzere toplam 18 balık türü kaydedildi. Yabancı türler toplam elde edilen birey sayısının yarısından fazlasını oluştururken en fazla yakalanan yabancı tür gümüşi havuz balığı Carassius gibelio oldu. Her ne kadar sazan, yerel ve yabancı türler çalışma periyodu boyunca birey sayısı olarak artış gösterse de, sazan diğer türlerin çoğuna nazaran her zaman daha az bollukta elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sunulan makale rezervuarlara yapılan sazan aşılamalarının uygun olmayan 0 yaş balık aşılama stratejileri ve sınırlı üreme alanları nedeniyle beklenen hedeflere tam olarak ulaşmadığını göstermiştir. Diğer yandan, özellikle gümüşi havuz balığının istilasının devam ettiğini ve bunun sonuçta yerel balık faunasını etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Kuzey-batı Anadolu'da Bazı Yeni İnşa Edilen Rezervuarlara Yapılan Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) Stoklamaları Yabancı Türlerin Yayılımlarını Arttırabilir

Stocking of water bodies with non-native fish species for fisheries enhancement is a common practice worldwide. However, overall limited benefits in terms of revenues for local communities have so far been reported in some countries, whilst accidental introductions of several non-native fish species have occurred. To evaluate the benefits vs. costs associated with common carp Cyprinus carpio stocking practices, a three-year sampling study (2009-2011) was carried out across twelve adjacent artificial reservoirs of the Kocaeli Peninsula (north-west Anatolia, Turkey). Apart from common carp, 18 fish species in total were recorded, of which 12 native and six non-native, the latter comprising more than half of the total catch and dominated by gibel carp Carassius gibelio. Even though the abundance of common carp, natives and non-natives increased over the study period, common carp was always comparatively less abundant relative to most of the other species. Overall, the present findings indicate that stocking of common carp into the studied reservoirs has not fully met with the proposed objectives, likely a result of less-than-optimal age-0 fish release strategies and limited availability of spawning grounds. On the other hand, invasion especially by gibel carp is thought to be under way and this may ultimately impact on the abundance of the native fish fauna.

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