Murat ÇAKMAKLİOĞULLARİ, Didem ADAHAN, Fehmi ALİBEKİROĞLU, Nurullah USLU

Aile Hekimliği Polikliniğine Başvuran 40 Yaş Üzeri Hastalarda Glokom Farkındalığı ve Sıklığı

Amaç: Glokomun semptom vermemesi, görme kaybı oluşana dek tanı konamamasına ve tedavide geç kalınmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu durumun en önemli nedeni farkındalığın düşük olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, Aile hekimliği polikliniğine herhangi bir sebeple başvuran 40 yaş üzeri hastalarda glokom farkındalığını ve sıklığını belirlemek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikteki çalışmaya, Haziran 2019-Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında herhangi bir sebeple Aile Hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran 40 yaş üzeri hastalar dahil edildi. Katılımcılara, sosyo-demografik ve klinik özelliklerini, glokom farkındalığını değerlendirmek için 15 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulandı.Hastaların göz polikliniğinde, aynı uzman doktor tarafından refraksiyon kusurları, göz içi basıncı(GİB), santral kornea kalınlığı(SKK) ölçüldü ve biyomikroskopik muayeneleri yapıldı. Glokom tespit edilen ve edilmeyen hastalar risk faktörleri ve farkındalık durumu açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 206 hastanın %62,6'sı kadın, %37,4'ü erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 58,3±10,0 yıldı. Katılımcıların %6,3'ünde glokom tespit edildi. Glokom muayenesi olmadığını belirtenlerin %4,8'inde, glokom muayenesi olduğunu belirtenlerin %22,2'sinde glokom tespit edildi. Hastaların %90,3'ü glokomun ne olduğunu ve belirtilerin bilmediğini,%91,3'ü glokom muayenesi olmadığını belirtti. Glokomun ne olduğunu bilenlerin %57,9'u göz doktorundan öğrendiğini belirtti. Sigara kullanımı açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık saptandı (p=0,02). Glokomu olan 13 hastanın hiç biri sigara içmiyordu. Glokom muayenesi olduğunu belirtenlerde, muayene olmayanlara göre, glokomun ne olduğunu ve belirtilerini bilenlerde bilmeyenlere göre glokom sıklığı anlamlı olarak daha fazla bulundu (sırasıyla, p=0,01, p=0,001 ve p=0,004). Yaş, ailede glokom öyküsü ve glokom muayenesi olma durumu ile glokom farkındalığı arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edildi (sırasıyla, p=0.01, p=0.01 ve p=0.001). Sonuç:Görme kaybına neden olan, ancak erken tanı ve tedavi ile kontrol altına alınabilen glokom için toplumda farkındalığı artırma ve hastalık kontrolünde göz hekimi ve aile hekimlerinin bilgilendirme ve düzenli takipleri en önemli girişimdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

glokom, farkındalık, sıklık

Awareness and Frequency of Glaucoma in Patients Over 40 Years of Age Admitted to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic

Aim: As the glaucoma has no symptom it causes delay in diagnosis and treatment until vision loss occurs. The most important reason for this situation is the low awareness. In this study, it was aimed to determine glaucoma awareness and incidence in patients over 40 years of age who attended to the family medicine outpatient clinic for any reason. Materials and Methods: Patients over 40 years of age who attended to the family medicine outpatient clinic for any reason between June 2019-October 2019 were included in the cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was applied to the participants to evaluate their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and glaucoma awareness. Refractive errors, intra ocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) of the patients were measured in the ophthalmology clinic and their biomicroscopic examinations were performed by the same ophthalmologist. Patients with and without glaucoma were evaluated in terms of risk factors and awareness, and awareness status in terms of related factors. Results: Of the 206 patients included in the study, 62.6% were female and 37.4% were male. The mean age was 58.3±10.0 years. Glaucoma was detected in 6.3% of the participants. Glaucoma was detected in 4.8% of those who stated that they had no glaucoma examination, and 22.2% of those who stated that they had glaucoma examination. 90.3% of the patients stated that they did not know what is and what are the symptoms of glaucoma, 91.3% of them did not have glaucoma examination. 57.9% of those who know what glaucoma is, stated that they have learned it from the ophthalmologist. Significant difference was determined between groups in terms of smoking (p=0,02). None of the 13 patients with glaucoma were smoking. The frequency of glaucoma was significantly higher in those who stated that they had a glaucoma examination than those who did not, those who know what glaucoma is and its symptoms than those who did not know (p=0,01, p=0,001, p=0,004, respectively). A significant correlation was found between age, family history of glaucoma and glaucoma examination and glaucoma awareness (p=0.01, p=0.01, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In increasing awareness and disease control for glaucoma, which causes irreversible vision loss but can be controlled with early diagnosis and treatment, the information and regular follow-up of eye and family physicians is the most important attempt.

Keywords:

Glaucoma, awreness, prevalance,

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