Ummar IQBAL, Mansoor HAMEED, Farooq AHMAD

Water conservation strategies through anatomical traits in the endangered arid zone species Salvadora oleoides Decne

Salvadora oleoides Decne. (Salvadoraceae) is a facultative and mesomorphic xerophyte, well adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Twelve populations were selected from different ecological regions of Punjab to investigate structural modifications that are essential for water conservation, by either improving water-storing capacity or preventing water loss from the plant body, hence, enabling this species to cope with environmental extremities. We observed significant plasticity in structural features, which ensures ecological success in a variety of environmental conditions. Huge variation was seen in various tissue systems, i.e., epidermis and epidermal appendages, collenchyma, size of internal oil glands, storage parenchyma, shape, size and arrangement of vascular tissue, intensity of sclerification, and stomatal size, shape and orientation. The desert populations showed additional parenchymatous layer under multilayered epidermis, xylem completely surrounded by phloem, broad metaxylem vessels, intensive sclerification in and outside vascular tissue, and numerous and small sized stomata on abaxial leaf surface. Population from salt-affected areas showed greater stem cross-sectional area, enlarge palisade parenchymatous cells, multilayered epidermis, large storage parenchyma, and sclerified vascular bundles. Roadside populations possessed sclerified vascular bundles and dense hairiness on leaf surface.

Keywords:

Oil glands, plasticity, sclerification Salvadora oleoides, water conservation, xerophyte,

PDF

___

Abd El-Ghani MM, 2017, PLANT RESPONSES HYPE, P547
Abdel C. G., 2011, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, V1, P231
Achak MY, 2018, IRANIAN J FOREST POP, V26, P60
Ahmad F, 2015, INT J AGRIC BIOL, V17, P271
Aksoy L, 2013, SAUDI J BIOL SCI, V20, P235, DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.003
Al Hassan M, 2015, NOT BOT HORTI AGROBO, V43, P501, DOI 10.15835/nbha43210108
Al-Maskri A., 2013, International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (IPCBEE), V55, P23
Alam MA, 2015, BIOMED RES INT, V2015, DOI 10.1155/2015/105695
Ashraf MY, 2012, PAK J BOT, V44, P69 .
Barman C., 2018, The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology, V10, P69
Basal H, 2010, PAK J BOT, V42, P505 .
Bast F, 2017, J PHYLOGENETICS EVOL, V5, P180
Batool R, 2013, PAK J BOT, V45, P1969 .
Chai TT, 2013, BOT STUD, V54, DOI 10.1186/1999-3110-54-8
Chen TW, 2015, PLANT CELL ENVIRON, V38, P1528, DOI 10.1111/pce.12504
Claeys H, 2013, PLANT PHYSIOL, V162, P1768, DOI 10.1104/pp.113.220921
Correa FF, 2017, BRAZ J BIOL, V77, P52, DOI 10.1590/1519-6984.09715
Correa FF, 2015, PLANTA DANINHA, V33, P1, DOI 10.1590/S0100-83582015000100001
De Micco V, 2012, SCI WORLD J, DOI 10.1100/2012/471814
Din MI, 2016, INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT, V18, P477, DOI 10.1080/15226514.2015.1115959
Dolatabadian A., 2011, Notulae Scientia Biologicae, V3, P41
Ehteshamul-Haque S, 2013, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, V103, P38
Fitzmaurice C, 2019, JAMA ONCOL, V5, P1749, DOI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996
Geldner N, 2013, ANNU REV PLANT BIOL, V64, P531, DOI 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120050
Grigore M.N., 2010, BIOL VEGET, VLVI, P5
Habib SH, 2016, BIOMED RES INT, V2016, DOI 10.1155/2016/6284547
Hameed M, 2013, TURK J BOT, V37, P715, DOI 10.3906/bot-1208-1
Hameed M, 2012, PAK J BOT, V44, P159 .
Hameed M, 2010, PAK J BOT, V42, P279 .
Kalpesh Ishnava, 2011, Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, V3, P33
Khalid N, 2020, CHEM ECOL, V36, P868, DOI 10.1080/02757540.2020.1791102
Korejo F, 2014, PAK J BOT, V46, P2313 .
Kumar S, 2012, J MED PLANT RES, V6, P2754
Kumar S, 2016, INT J CURRENT MICROB, V5, P699
Leroux O, 2015, BMC PLANT BIOL, V15, DOI 10.1186/s12870-014-0362-8
Liu YB, 2015, PLOS ONE, V10, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0137701
Mansoor U, 2015, PHYTON-ANN REI BOT A, V55, P159
Manu Arora, 2014, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, V5, P209
Mickelbart MV, 2015, NAT REV GENET, V16, P237, DOI 10.1038/nrg3901
Moodie CD, 1959, LAB MANUAL SOIL FERT, P31
Natubhai PM, 2013, INT J PHARM BIOSCIEN, V4, P985
Nawaz T, 2013, ARID LAND RES MANAG, V27, P286, DOI 10.1080/15324982.2012.727947
Naz N, 2014, ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT, V36, P2959, DOI 10.1007/s11738-014-1668-8
Naz N, 2013, J BIOL RES-THESSALON, V19, P150
Noman A, 2017, ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R, V24, P10068, DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-8593-5
Noman A, 2014, PAK J BOT, V46, P199 .
Noor T, 2015, EUROPEAN ACAD RES, V2, P14172
Obidiegwu JE, 2015, FRONT PLANT SCI, V6, DOI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00542
Odimegwu JI, 2013, SCI WORLD J, DOI 10.1155/2013/943598
Ola H. A. E., 2012, Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, V8, P158
Pandey P, 2017, FRONT PLANT SCI, V8, DOI 10.3389/fpls.2017.00537
Pereira FJ, 2017, J APPL BOT FOOD QUAL, V90, P10, DOI 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.003
Pessarakli M, 2015, INT J WATER RESOUR A, V4
Qaderi MM, 2019, PLANTS-BASEL, V8, DOI 10.3390/plants8030065
Rangani J, 2018, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B, V189, P214, DOI 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.021
Rashid Parveen, 2011, Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, V20, P205
Ruzin SE, 1999, PLANT MICROTECHNIQUE, P336
Sawidis T, 2013, ACTA BIOL CRACOV BOT, V55, P7, DOI 10.2478/abcsb-2013-0017
Shah AH, 2015, PAK J BOT, V47, P23 .
Shekhawat N. S., 2012, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, V31, P620, DOI 10.1080/10549811.2011.640238
Silva H, 2014, REV CHIL HIST NAT, V87, DOI [10.1186/s40693-014-0013-3, 10.1186/S40693-014-0013-3]
Steel R. G. D., 1997, PRINCIPLES PROCEDURE
Sumitra Singh, 2013, International Journal of Herbal Medicine, V1, P9
Sun M, 2018, INT J AGRIC BIOL, V20, P1309, DOI 10.17957/IJAB/15.0631
Tahir SS, 2010, PAK J BOT, V42, P63 .
Tasneem K, 2016, J ENV AGR SCI, V6, P16 .
Toon A, 2015, SCI REP-UK, V5, DOI 10.1038/srep12398
Tounekti T, 2018, INT J AGRIC BIOL, V20, P2211, DOI 10.17957/IJAB/15.0764
Wu QS, 2010, PLANT SOIL ENVIRON, V56, P470, DOI 10.17221/54/2010-PSE
Xie ZS, 2014, PAK J BOT, V46, P483 .
Yadav S, 2010, INDIAN J TRADIT KNOW, V9, P693
Yousaf W, 2013, BIOLOGIA PAK, V59, P157 .
Zhang CC, 2017, PLANT SOIL, V419, P169, DOI 10.1007/s11104-017-3332-8
Zhou CF, 2015, CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER, V43, P1660, DOI 10.1002/clen.201300840