Uludağ(Bursa)’da Bulunan Apollon kelebeği, Parnassius apollo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Üzerinde Biyolojik ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar

Bu çal›flma güzelli¤i ile Uluda¤’›n simgelerinden biri olan Parnasius apollo (L.)’nun Uluda¤’daki populasyonunun neslinin tükenmesini önlemek amac›yla yap›lm›flt›r. P.apollo’nun Uluda¤’daki alt türü P.apollo graslini Oberthür,1891 ‘dir. Çal›flmalar Uluda¤’da 1993-1995 y›llar›nda iki farkl› alanda ve laboratuvarda 25±1°C s›cakl›k, %65±5 orant›l› nem ve 16A:8K fotoperiyot koflullar›nda yürütülmüfltür.Bu çal›flmada larva populasyonu haftada bir kez yap›lan gözlem ve say›mlarla, ergin populasyonu ise Yakalama-‹flaretleme-Tekrar Yakalama yöntemi ile ergin uçufl periyodu boyunca incelenmifltir. Sonuç olarak, k›fl› embriyonal geliflmesini tamamlam›fl larva olarak yumurta içinde diyapoz halinde geçiren P.apollo ’nun do¤al koflullardaki larva, prepupa ve pupa geliflme süreleri s›ras›yla 36-45 gün, 7 gün ve 21-35 gün aras›nda de¤iflmifltir. Do¤ada difli ve erke¤in ömrü s›ras›yla ve ortalama 14,4±2,4 ve 9,8±4,7 gün olarak bulunmufltur. Bundan baflka difliler do¤al koflullarda ortalama 166,3±30,1 adet, laboratuvarda ise 149,2±54,9 adet yumurta b›rakm›fllard›r. Uluda¤’da yap›lan çal›flmalarda 1994 y›l›nda birinci ve ikinci alanlarda s›ras›yla 812 ergin (%45 difli) ve 235 ergin (%30 difli),halbuki 1995 y›l›nda ayn› alanlarda yine s›ras›yla 621 ergin (%37 difli) ve 52 ergin (%29 difli) yakalanm›fl ve iflaretlenmifltir. P.apollo larvalar›n›n Uluda¤’daki konukçu bitkileri Sedum album, Sedum pallidum ve erginlerin önemli nektar kaynaklar› Acantholimon ulicinum, Carduus olympicus ve Daphne oleoides’ tir. P.apollo y›lda bir döl vermektedir. Larva - pupa parazitoidi olarak Compsilura concinnata saptanm›flt›r.

Investigations on the Biology and Ecology of the Apollo Butterfly, Parnassius apollo (L.)(Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Uludağ ,Bursa, Turkey

This study was carried out to prevent extinction of Parnassius apollo (L.) population which is one of the emblems of Uludağ with its natural beauty the subspecies of P.apollo in Uludağ is P.apollo graslini Oberthür,1891. In this study conducted at 25±1 C°, 65±5 %R.H. and 16L:8D photoperiod in laboratory conditions as well as in two different areas in Uludağ in 1993-1995 the larval population was observed by weekly counts while the adult population was examined by using the Capture-Mark-Recapture method during the adult flight period. In conclusion, P.apollo overwinters in the egg as a diapausing larva. The larval, prepupal and pupal development duration were 36-45, 7 and 21-35 days, respectively. In nature, the average longevity of females and males were 14,4±2,4 and 9,8±4,7 days, respectively. Besides, females laid an average of 166,3±30,1 eggs / female in nature and 149,2±54,9 eggs/female in laboratory. A total of 812 adults (45% females), and 235 adults (30% females) were captured in the first and second area in Uludağ in 1994, respectively, whereas a total of 621 adults (37% females) and 52 adults (29% females) were marked in the same areas in 1995, respectively. In Uludağ, the larval foodplants of P.apollo were Sedum album and Sedum pallidum and the primary nectar sources for adults were Acantholimon ulicinum, Carduus olympicus and Daphne oleoides. There is one generation in a year. Compsilura concinnata Meigen was determined as the larval-pupal parasitoid.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-011X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK