The relationships of some traits in Turkish winter bread wheat landraces

In this study, 42 bread wheat pure lines obtained from 340 landraces, collected from 35 provinces of 7 regions in Turkey, and 7 modern bread wheat cultivars were evaluated under rainfed conditions in Konya, in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 growing seasons. Experiments were conducted in a 7 × 7 lattice design in 3 replicates. Both genotype-traits (GT) biplot analysis and path analysis were used to investigate the relationships between grain yield and 12 traits. Applying both types of analyses to the multiple traits data revealed that GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits (breeding objectives), identified traits that are positively or negatively associated, and facilitated visual comparison trait profiles (strength and weakness) of genotypes, which is important for parent as well as variety selection. Vast variations existed in traits (number of grains m-2, harvest index, number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1, and weight of grains spike-1 and biological yield) and grain yield. It was found that either pure lines or cultivars with the highest grain yield had the highest biological yield, number of grain m-2, and harvest index. The results showed that pure lines combined with favorable traits G43 (Kars-TR15796-7), G33 (Kars-TR15796-4), G20 (Kütahya-TR55167-3), and G11 (Kütahya-TR55212-4) can be evaluated in multi-environment trials for a candidate winter bread wheat registration trial. Some pure lines that had high quality traits G26 (Samsun-TR37926-3), G45 (Erzurum-TR32881-6) and G49 (Erzurum-TR32668-1) might be good parents for enhancing quality in bread wheat. In conclusion, for the short-term improvement of Turkish bread wheat landraces may be possible through an indirect selection of the number of grain m-2 and biological yield, or direct selection for grain yield per se. In the long-run, crossing programs between indigenous and introduced exotic germplasm may be necessary for high industrial quality characters of bread wheat.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Biplot analysis, grain yield, multiple traits, path analysis, Turkey, winter bread wheat landraces

The relationships of some traits in Turkish winter bread wheat landraces

Keywords:

Key words: Biplot analysis, grain yield, multiple traits, path analysis, Turkey, winter bread wheat landraces,

PDF

___

Akçu ra M (2006) Türkiye Kışlık Ekmeklik Buğday Genetik Kaynaklarının Karakterizasyonu. Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p 226.
Akçura M (2009) Genetic variability and interrelationship among grain yield and some quality traits in Turkish winter durum wheat landraces. Turk J Agric For 33: 547-556.
Akçura M, Topal A (2008) İç Anadolu Bölgesi Yerel Ekmeklik Buğday Populasyonlarından Seçilen Saf Hatların Tane Verimi ve Kalite Özellikleri Yönünden Bazı Tescilli Çeşitlerlerle Karşılaştırılması, Ülkesel Tahıl Sempozyumu 59-69, 2-5 Haziran Konya.
Belay G, Tesemma T, Becker HC, Merker A (1993) Variation and interrelationships of agronomic traits in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces. Euphytica 71: 181-188.
Bilgin O, Başer I, Korkut KZ, Gençtan T, Balkan A, Sağlam N (2009) Variations for grain yield and milling value of durum wheat landraces and obsolete cul tivars. Philipp Agric Scientist 92: 25-32.
DMI (2007) Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Konya Rasat İstasyonu Çok Yıllık İklim Verileri, Konya.
Dokuyucu T, Akkaya A, Akçura M (2002) Th e eff ects of intraplot competition on yield-related traits in wheat plots. Turk J Field Crops 7: 40-47.
Flores F, Moreno MT, Cubero JI (1998) A comparison of univariate and multivariate methods to analyze G × E interaction. Field Crops Res 56: 271-286.
Gökgöl M (1939) Turkish Wheats, Vol. II. Yesilköy Seed Breeding Institute Publications. No. 14, Tan Press, Istanbul, Turkey (In Turkish), 955 pp.
Harlan JR (1971) Agricultural Origins: Centers and Noncenters. Science 174: 468–473.
Jaradat AA (1991). Phenotypic divergence for morphological and yield-related traits among landrace genotypes of durum wheat from Jordan. Euphytica 52: 155-164.
Karagöz A, Zencirci N (2005) Variation in wheat (Triticum spp.) landraces from diff erent altitudes of three regions of Turkey . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52: 775-785.
Kroonenberg PM (1995) Introduction to Biplots for G×E Tables. Department of Mathematics, Research Report 51, University of Queensland.
Li CC (1955) Th e Th eory of Path Coeffi cients. In: Population Genetics, pp. 144-171. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Pena RJ, Amaya A, Rajaram S, Mujeeb A (1990) Variation in quality characteristics with some spring 1B/1R translocation wheats. J Cereal Sci 12: 105-112.
Rubio J, Cubero JI, MartínLM, Suso MJ, Flores F (2004) Biplot analysis of trait relations of white lupin in Spain. Euphytica 135: 217-224.
SAS Institute (1999) SAS/STAT Soft ware: Release 9.00. SAS Inst. Cary, NC, USA.
Vavilov NI (1950) Th e phytogeographic basis of plant breeding. In: Th e origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Transl. by K. Starr Chester. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, MA.
Williams PC, Norris KH, Zarowski WS (1982) Infl uence of temperature on estimation of protein and moisture in wheat by near-infrared refl ectance. Cereal Chem 59: 473-477.
Yan W, Kang MS (2003) GGE-Biplot Analysis: A Graphical Tool for Breeders. Geneticists and Agronomists. CRD Press, Boca Raton.
Yan W, Reid JF (2008) Breeding Line Selection Based on Multiple Traits. Crop Sci 48: 417-423.
Yan W, Rajcan I (2002) Biplot analysis of test sites and trait relations of soybean in Ontario. Crop Sci 42: 11-20.
Yan W (2001) GGE biplot- A windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types two-way data. Agron J 93: 1111-1118.
Yan W, Hunt LA, Sheng Q, Szlavnics Z (2000) Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on the GGE biplot. Crop Sci 40: 597-605.
Zencirci N (2008) Eff ect of upper plant parts on yield and quality in Turkish durum wheat landraces from diff erent regions, altitudes, and provinces. Turk J Agric For 32: 29-39.