The wood industry produces large amounts of wood waste. This waste usually contains a number of nonwood materials, such as paints or varnishes. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics of wood waste containing synthetic, polyurethane, and polyester varnishes were investigated for conversion into renewable liquid fuels. The elemental analysis and higher heating values of the bio-oils were determined. The chemical compounds present in the bio-oils obtained at an optimum temperature were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis. The product yields and compositions were affected by the types of varnishes. The maximum bio-oil yield of 46.7% was obtained from pyrolysis of waste wood containing polyester varnish at a final pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. The bio-oil produced from wood waste containing varnishes was composed mainly of phenols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, alcohols, benzenes, and N-containing compounds. The phenols accounted for the largest amount of compounds in the bio-oils. Therefore, the bio-oil produced from varnished wood waste could be a potential substitute for biofuels and green chemicals.