Mehmet ZENGİN, Fatma GÖKMEN, M. Atilla YAZICI, Sait GEZGİN

Potasyum, magnezyum ve kükürtlü gübrelerin şeker pancarının (Beta vulgaris L.) verim ve kalitesine etkileri

Konya ilinde 2004, 2005 ve 2006 yıllarında üç farklı lokasyonda (Kuzucu, Karaarslan ve Alakova) şeker pancarının (Beta vulgaris L.) kök verimi, arıtılmış şeker verimi ve yaprağın K, Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarına potasyum (K) ve magnezyum (Mg) ve kükürt (S) içeren gübrelerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Denemelerde potasyum, sülfat ve Mg içeren kalimagnesia değişik oranlı kombinasyonlarda uygulanırken üniform bir diamonyum fosfat (DAP)+üre uygulaması kontrol muamelesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Kontrol uygulaması (DAP + üre) ile karşılaştırıldığında, kök verimini Kuzucu ve Alakova lokasyonlarında azot ve fosforlu gübrelere ilaveten verilen tüm K, Mg ve S’lü gübreleri içeren uygulamalar önemli düzeyde (P < 0.01) artırırken, Karaarslan lokasyonunda kök verimini sadece potasyum sülfatı içeren uygulama artırmıştır. Üç besin elementini de (K, Mg ve S) içeren Kalimagnesia gübresi Kuzucu ve Alakova lokasyonlarında kök verimini sırasıyla %42 ve %39 oranlarında yükseltmiştir. Ancak bu etki uygulama oranına bağlı olmuştur. Gübre uygulamalarının kökün amino-N kapsamı üzerine etkileri farklı olup Kalimagnesia gübresi kökün şeker oranını artırıcı etkide de bulunmuştur. Denenen gübrelerin uygulanması yaprağın K, Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarını artırmasına rağmen, yapraktaki söz konusu besin elementleri konsantrasyonlarının değişimlerinin kök verimindeki artışlara etkileri tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Sonuçların tartışılmasında, toprakların bazik katyonlarca doygunluk oranının olası rolleri de dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, benzer iklim ve toprak özelliklerine sahip yerlerde şeker pancarının dengeli mineral beslenmesini sağlayarak optimum kök ve arıtılmış şeker verimi elde etmek için azot ve fosfor uygulamasının yanında hektara 81 kg K2O, 27 kg Mg ve 46 kg S sağlayan gübre uygulaması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalimagnesia, magnezyum, potasyum, şeker pancarı, verim

Effects of potassium, magnesium, and sulphur containing fertilizers on yield and quality of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.)

Effects of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S) containing fertilizers on root yield, refined sugar yield, and K, Mg, and S concentrations of leaf of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were studied on 3 different locations in Konya province, namely Kuzucu, Karaarslan, and Alakova, in 2004, 2005, and 2006. In the trails, a uniform diammonium phosphate (DAP) + urea application was used as the control treatment, while potassium sulphate and Mg containing Kalimagnesia, were applied at varying rate combinations. Compared to the control treatment (DAP + urea), all fertilizer treatments containing K, Mg, and S increased root yield in the Kuzucu and Alakova locations, while in the Karararslan location only potassium sulphate treatment improved root yield. The Kalimagnesia fertilizer containing all 3 nutrients, namely K, Mg, and S, enhanced root yield by 42% and 39% in the Kuzucu and Alakova locations, respectively. But, this yield-stimulating effect of the Kalimagnesia fertilizer was rate-dependent. Kalimagnesia was also effective in improving the sugar content of the root, while the amino-N levels were not consistently affected by the fertilizer treatments. Despite increases in the leaf concentrations of K, Mg, and S by the tested fertilizers, the changes in the leaf concentrations of these nutrients could not fully explain the increases in root yields. In the discussion of the results, the possible role of basic cation saturation ratios of soils was also taken into consideration. The results indicate that a fertilizer treatment including 81 kg K2O ha-1, 27 kg Mg ha-1, and 46 kg S ha-1 may be recommendable in fertilization of sugar beets, together with regular nitrogen and phosphorus applications, under similar conditions, in order to achieve a balanced mineral nutrition and sustain better root and sugar yields.

Keywords:

magnesium, potassium, sugar beet, yield, Kalimagnesia,

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