Kadir Uğurtan YILMAZ, Sevgi Paydaş KARGI, Salih KAFKAS

Morphological diversity of the Turkish apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm in the Irano-Caucasian ecogeographical group

Apricot germplasm collection and characterization are the essential stages of breeding programs for diversity. Traditionally, germplasm collection and characterization are performed by describing phenological, pomological, and morphological characteristics of the germplasm. In this study, 93 apricot accessions and 1 apricot × plum hybrid (Kayısı Eriği) were collected from different regions of Turkey and were evaluated for 57 morphological UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) characteristics, along with 13 pomological traits. Turkish apricot trees were generally found to be either strong (29.8%) or very strong (54.3%). Only 12 accessions (GÜ-52, Çanakkale, Çekirge-52, Karacabey, Geç Aprikoz, Güz Aprikozu, Alyanak, Hasanbey, Alkaya, Paşa Mişmişi, Ağerik, and Ziraat Okulu) had large fruits. Of the total 93 specimens, 67 accessions did not exhibit kernel bitterness. Important dried cultivars of Turkey contain more than 25% total soluble solids (TSS). The harvest period of the majority (84 accessions) started at the end of June and lasted until mid-July. Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) and principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that eigenvalues of the first 3 components were able to represent 32.67% of total variance in PCoA and 23.63% of total variance in PCA. The eigenvalue of pomological PCA analysis was able to represent 73% of total variance. Significant negative correlations were determined among fruit juice acidity, TSS, and pH. The morphological distance index between Turkish apricots varied from 0.21 to 0.79. Information revealed in this study may be useful for both breeders and apricot breeding programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Genetic resource, collection, UPOV, apricot breeding, PCA, PCoA

Morphological diversity of the Turkish apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm in the Irano-Caucasian ecogeographical group

Keywords:

Key words: Genetic resource, collection, UPOV, apricot breeding, PCA, PCoA,

PDF

___

Altındağ M, Şahin M, Eşitken A, Ercişli S, Güleryüz M (2006) Biological control of brown rot (Moniliana laxa Ehr.) on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Hacihaliloglu) by Bacillus, Burkholdria, and Pseudomonas application under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Biol Contr 38: 369‐372.
Arı N (1999) Kayısı Çekirdeği Yağının Efektif Bileşenleri ve Kullanımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, p. 85.
Asma BM, Ozturk K (2005) Analysis of morphological, pomological and yield characteristics of some apricot germplasm in Turkey. Genet Res Crop Evol 52: 305-313.
Badanes ML, Martinez-Calvo J, Llacer G (1998) Analysis of apricot germplasm from the European ecogeographical group. Euphytica 102: 93-99.
Catling PM, Porebski S (1998) A morphometric evaluation of the subspecies of Fragaria chiloensis. Can J Botany 76: 290-297.
Ercisli S (2004) A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet Res Crop Evol 51: 419-435.
Ercisli S (2009) Apricot culture in Turkey. Sci Res Essays 4: 715‐719.
Gülcan R, Mısırlı A, Sağlam H, Yorgancıoğlu U, Erkan S, Gümüs M, Ölmez HA, Derin K, Paydaş S, Eti S, Demir T (2006) Properties of Turkish apricot land races. Acta Hort 701: 191-198.
Hancock JF, Serçe S, Portman CM, Callow PW, Luby JJ (2004) Taxonomic variation among North and South American subspecies of Fragaria virginiana Miller and Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Miller. Can J Botany 82: 1632-1644.
Harrison RE, Luby JJ, Furnier GR, Hancock JF (1997) Morphological and molecular variation among populations of octoploid Fragaria virginiana and F. chiloensis (Rosaceae) from North America. Amer J Bot 84: 612-620.
Hormaza JI (2002) Molecular characterization and similarity relationships among apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes using simple sequence repeats. Theor Appl Genet 104: 321-328.
Hurtado MA, Romero C, Vilanova S, Abbott G, Llacer G, Badanes ML (2002) Genetic linkage maps of two apricot cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.) and mapping of PPV (Sharka) resistance. Theor Appl Genet 105: 182-191.
Keleş D (2007) Characterization of Different Pepper Genotypes and Low Temperature Tolerance. PhD Thesis. Department of Horticulture, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, p. 174.
Lavin A (1997) Caracterizacion botanica, fisiologica y agronomica de ecotipos Chilenos de Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. Recolectados en las X y XI regiones de Chile. El Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, Chile.
Mehlenbacher SA, Cociu V, Hough LF (1990) Apricots (Prunus). Acta Hort 290: 63-109.
Rehder A (1967) Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs, 2nd ed. Macmillan, New York.
Rohlf JF (2004) NTSYS-pc: 2.11 Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Exeter Software, New York.
Uzun A, Gülşen O, Aka-Kaçar Y, Aras V, Demirel A, Bircan M, Paydaş S, Yıldız A (2007) Characterization of new apricot cultivars by RAPD markers. J Appl Hort 9: 132-135.
Uzun A, Gulsen O, Seday U, Bircan M, Yilmaz KU (2010) SRAP based genetic analysis of some apricot cultivars. Romanian Biotech Letters 15: 5396-5404.
Vilanova S, Romero C, Abbott AG, Llacer G, Badanes ML (2003) An apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) F2 progeny linkage map based on SSR and AFLP markers, mapping Plum Pox Virus resistance and self-incompatibility traits. Theor Appl Genet 107: 239-247.
Yılmaz KU (2008) Phenological, Morphological and Pomological Characteristics of Some Local Apricot Genotypes and Determination of Their Genetic Relationships and Self- Incompatibility by Molecular Markers. PhD Thesis. Department of Horticulture, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Çukurova, p. 342.
Yılmaz KU, Ercişli S, Asma BM, Doğan Y, Kafkas S (2009) Genetic relatedness in Prunus genus revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Hort Science 44: 293-297.