Kürşad ÖZBEK, Nesime CEBEL, İlhami ÜNVER

Extractability and phytoavailability of cadmium in Cd-rich pedogenic soils

Conspicuous vegetation entities of pedogenic soils rich in cadmium and their diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd content (DCd) under the temperate continental and Mediterranean climatic conditions of western Anatolia were determined. Foliage of herbaceous plants and nearby soil samples was collected from 51 zinc mining areas. DCd content was found to reach 11.6%-16.2% of the total Cd content, indicating more extractability than in many other heavy metals. Growth chamber and nursery experiments were conducted with the seeds collected. Dactylis glomerata and Galium tenuissimum subsp. tenuissimum, both common in grazing lands, were found to be accumulating 23.5 mg Cd kg-1 and 22.3 mg Cd kg-1 dry matter, respectively, which are highly phytotoxic levels. Thlaspi praecox, known as a Cd-hyperaccumulating plant species, could not be successfully introduced into the Cd-rich mining soils under controlled conditions, suggesting genetic variation or inability to adapt. Volunteer species under controlled conditions included Poa bulbosa and Plantago lanceolata, both of which were potential Cd-hyperaccumulating candidates. Silene aegyptiaca and Silene vulgaris were other species commonly found around zinc mines and they were grown under controlled conditions without difficulty. However, Cd concentrations in the above-ground tissues of all species mentioned above were not over the 100 mg kg-1 dry matter threshold value for hyperaccumulating cadmium.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., DTPA extraction, phytoavailable cadmium, Poa bulbosa L., zinc mining soils

Extractability and phytoavailability of cadmium in Cd-rich pedogenic soils

Keywords:

Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., DTPA extraction, phytoavailable cadmium, Poa bulbosa L., zinc mining soils,

PDF

___

Benavides MP, Gallego SM, Tomaro ML (2005). Cadmium toxicity in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17: 21–34.
Brooks RR (1998). Geobotany and hyperaccumulators. In: Brooks RR, editor. Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. 55–94.
Brunetti G, Soler-Rovira P, Farrag K, Senesi N (2009). Tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals by wild plant species grown in contaminated soils in Apulia region, Southern Italy. Plant Soil 318: 285–298.
Cook SCH, Lefébvre C, McNeilly T (1972). Competition between metal tolerant and normal plant populations on normal soil. Evolution 26: 366–372.
Davis PH (1965–1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vols. 1–9. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Davis PH, Heywood VH (1973). Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Huntington, NY, USA: Robert E. Kieger Publishing Co.
Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 1), Vol 10. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Hagemeyer J (2004). Ecophysiology of plant growth under heavy metal stress. In: MNV Prasad, editor. Heavy Metal Stress in Plants, from Biomolecules to Ecosystems, 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer, pp. 157–181.
Hart JJ, Welch RM, Norvell WA, Sullivan LA, Kochian LV (1998). Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Plant Physiol 116: 1413–1420.
Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC (eds.) (1990). Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. Vol 120. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
Hossner LR (1996). Dissolution for total elemental analysis. In: Sparks DL, editor. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 - Chemical Methods. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, pp. 49–64.
Hutchinson JJ, Young SD, Black CR, West HM (2004). Determining uptake of radio-labile soil cadmium by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae using isotopic dilution in a compartmented-pot system. New Phytol 164: 477–484.
Kabata-Pendias A (2001). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, pp. 143–156.
Kalra YP, Maynard DG (1998). Microwave digestion of plant tissue in an open vessel. In: Kalra YP, editor. Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. Windsor, CO, USA: Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Inc., pp. 63–67.
Kin NO (2008). Plant communities in the zone of gas field development and heavy metal accumulation by them. Russ J Ecol 39: 254–260.
Kirkham MB (2006). Cadmium in plants on polluted soils: effects of soil factors, hyperaccumulation, and amendments. Geoderma 137: 19–32.
Kumar Sharma R, Agrawal M, Marshall F (2007). Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotox Environ Safe 66: 258–266.
Lehoczky E, Loth I, Kiss Z (2002). Cadmium and lead uptake by white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) grown in different soils. Commun Soil Sci Plan 33: 3167–3176.
Lehoczky E, Szabo L, Horvath S (1998). Cadmium uptake by lettuce in different soils. Commun Soil Sci Plan 29: 1903–1912.
Leita L, De Nobili M, Mondini C, Muhlbachova G, Marchiol L, Bragato G, Contin M (1999). Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal bioavailability. Biol Fert Soils 28: 371–376.
Li P, Wang X, Allinson G, Li X, Xiong X (2009). Risk assessment of heavy metals in soil previously irrigated with industrial wastewater in Shenyang, China. J Hazard Mater 161: 516–521.
Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 421–428.
Miller OR (1998). Nitric perchloric acid wet digestion in an open vessel. In: Kalra YP, editor. Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. Windsor, CO, USA: Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Inc., pp. 57–59.
Millis PR, Ramsey MH, John EA (2004). Heterogeneity of cadmium concentration in soil as a source of uncertainty in plant uptake and its implications for human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 326: 49–53.
NCM (2003). Cadmium Review. Report No. 1, Issue No. 04. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Council of Ministers
Niaz A, Ghafoor A, Murtaza G (2010). Tissue concentration and translocation responses of rice cultivars to applied Cd in hydroponic studies. J Agric Biol Sci 5: 14–19.
Onweremadu EU, Duruigbo CI (2007). Assessment of Cd concentration of crude oil pollution arable soils. Int J Environ Sci Technol 4: 409–412.
Page AL, Chang AC, El-Amamy M (1987). Cadmium levels in soils and crops in the United States. In: Hutchinson TC and Meema KM, editors. Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 119–146.
Ramos L, Hernandez LM, Gonzalez MJ (1994). Sequential fractionation of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in soils from or near Doñana National Park. J Environ Qual 23: 50–57.
Reeves RD, Kruckeberg AR, Adıgüzel N, Krämer U (2001). Studies on the flora of serpentine and other metalliferous areas of Western Turkey. S Afr J Sci 97: 513–517.
Roelandts I (1990). Inductively coupled plasma determination of nine rare-earth elements in sixty international geochemical reference samples. Geostand Geoanal Res 14: 137–147.
Roosens N, Vebruggen N, Meerts P, Ximénez-Embşn P, Smith JAC (2003). Natural variation in cadmium tolerance and its relationship to metal hyperaccumulation for seven populations of Thlaspi caerulescens from Western Europe. Plant Cell Environ 26: 1657–1672.
OECD (1994). Risk Reduction Monograph No. 5: Cadmium. Paris, France: OECD Environment Directorate.
Sady W, Kowalska I (2006). Effects of nitrogen form or solution pH on cadmium content and quality of spinach. ISHS Acta Hortic 700: 133–136.
Salt DE, Pickering IJ, Prince RC, Gleba D, Dushenkov S, Smith RD, Raskin I (1997). Metal accumulation by aquacultured seedlings of Indian mustard. Environ Sci Technol 31: 1636–1644.
Tran AT, Popova LP (2013). Functions and toxicity of cadmium in plants: recent advances and future prospects. Turk J Bot 37: 1–
Uraguchi S, Mori S, Kuramata M, Kawasaki A, Arao T, Ishikawa S (2009). Root-to-shoot Cd translocation via the xylem is the major process determining shoot and grain cadmium accumulation in rice. J Exp Bot 60: 2677–2688.
Wei B, Yang L (2010). A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem J 94: 99–107.
Welch RM, Norvell WA (1999). Mechanisms of cadmium uptake, translocation and deposition in plants. In: McLaughlin MJ, Singh BR, editors. Cadmium in Soils and Plants. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 125–150.