DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of world quinoa germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system

Quinoa is an important staple food crop for millions of impoverished rural inhabitants of the Andean region. Quinoa is considered a good source of protein,vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of world quinoa germplasm originating from 8 countries through the iPBS-retrotransposon marker system. Molecular characterization was performed using the 11 most polymorphic primers. A total of 235 bands were recorded, of which 66.8% were polymorphic. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.410. Various diversity indices including mean effective number of alleles (1.269), mean Shannon’s information index (0.160) and gene diversity (0.247) revealed the existence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in studied germplasm. Bolivia–17 and Mexico–1 were found to be genetically distinct accessions and can be suggested as candidate parents for future breeding activities. Various diversity indices were also calculated among germplasm collection counries and the results clearly showed the existence of higher genetic diversity in Bolivian and Peruvian accessions. The model-based structure, neighbor-joining, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped quinoa germplasm according to their collection country. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the variations (69%) in world quinoa germplasm are due to differences within populations. Findings of this study can be used for deeper understanding of the genetic relationship and in the determination of appropriate breeding and conservation strategies for quinoa.

___

  • James LEA, 2009, ADV FOOD NUTR RES, V58, P1, DOI 10.1016/S1043-4526(09)58001-1
  • Al-Naggar A. M. M., 2017, BRIT BIOTECHNOLOGY J, V20, P1
  • Andeden EE, 2013, J PLANT BIOCHEM BIOT, V22, P453, DOI 10.1007/s13562-012-0175-5
  • Ando H, 2002, FOOD SCI TECHNOL RES, V8, P80, DOI 10.3136/fstr.8.80
  • Aydin MF, 2019, LEGUME RES, V42, P18, DOI 10.18805/LR-423
  • Baloch FS, 2015, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V61, P244, DOI 10.1016/j.bse.2015.06.017
  • Bazile D, 2016, FRONT PLANT SCI, V7, DOI 10.3389/fpls.2016.00622
  • Bhargava A, 2006, IND CROP PROD, V23, P73, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2005.04.002
  • Bouchet S, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0033470
  • Christensen S. A., 2007, Plant Genetic Resources Characterization and Utilization, V5, P82, DOI 10.1017/S1479262107672293
  • Doyle J. J., 1990, FOCUS, V12, P13 .
  • Evanno G, 2005, MOL ECOL, V14, P2611, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x
  • FINNEGAN DJ, 1989, TRENDS GENET, V5, P103, DOI 10.1016/0168-9525(89)90039-5
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013, HOME INT YEAR QUINOA
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017, FAOSTAT
  • Fuentes FF, 2009, CONSERV GENET, V10, P369, DOI 10.1007/s10592-008-9604-3
  • Galwey N., 1989, FOOD SCI NUTR, V42, P245, DOI [10.1080/09543465.1989.11904148, DOI 10.1080/09543465.1989.11904148]
  • Gramazio P, 2018, TURK J AGRIC FOR, V42, P165, DOI 10.3906/tar-1801-41
  • Guliyev N, 2018, TURK J AGRIC FOR, V42, P393, DOI 10.3906/tar-1707-18
  • Habyarimana E., 2016, Australian Journal of Crop Science, V10, P127
  • HEISER CB, 1974, GENETICS, V78, P503 .
  • Hirose Y, 2010, FOOD CHEM, V119, P1300, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.008
  • Hossein-Pour A, 2019, APPL ECOL ENV RES, V17, P1899, DOI 10.15666/aeer/1702_18991911
  • Jacobsen SE, 2003, FOOD REV INT, V19, P99, DOI 10.1081/FRI-120018872
  • Jarvis DE, 2017, NATURE, V542, P307, DOI 10.1038/nature21370
  • Kalendar R, 2010, THEOR APPL GENET, V121, P1419, DOI 10.1007/s00122-010-1398-2
  • Karik U, 2019, AGRONOMY-BASEL, V9, DOI 10.3390/agronomy9100647
  • KIMURA M, 1965, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V54, P731, DOI 10.1073/pnas.54.3.731
  • Maughan PJ, 2012, PLANT GENOME-US, V5, P114, DOI 10.3835/plantgenome2012.06.0011
  • Mir RR, 2012, GENET RESOUR CROP EV, V59, P717, DOI 10.1007/s10722-011-9713-6
  • Morillo A, 2017, AFR J BIOTECHNOL, V16, P483
  • Nemli S, 2015, TURK J AGRIC FOR, V39, P940, DOI 10.3906/tar-1505-59
  • Newell MA, 2013, ANN APPL STAT, V7, P1898, DOI 10.1214/13-AOAS671
  • Peakall R, 2012, BIOINFORMATICS, V28, P2537, DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460
  • Repo-Carrasco R, 2003, FOOD REV INT, V19, P179, DOI 10.1081/FRI-120018884
  • Risi C. J., 1984, Advances in Applied Biology, V10, P145
  • Rojas W., 2015, STATE ART REPORT QUI, P56
  • Romero M, 2019, CIENC INVESTIG AGRAR, V46, P166, DOI 10.7764/rcia.v45i2.2144
  • Saad-Allah KM, 2018, PHYSIOL MOL BIOL PLA, V24, P617, DOI 10.1007/s12298-018-0541-4
  • Salazar J, 2019, EUPHYTICA, V215, DOI 10.1007/s10681-019-2371-z
  • Team Core., 2019, LANG ENV STAT COMP .
  • Yang R., 2000, POPGENE32 MICROSOFT .
  • Yildiz M, 2020, TURK J AGRIC FOR, V44, P1, DOI 10.3906/tar-1902-10
  • Zhang T, 2017, BMC GENOMICS, V18, P1 .