Determination of intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars based on two distinct internal reference standards

The 2C nuclear DNA contents of 40 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars were determined by using both safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as internal reference standards in flow cytometry analysis and correlated with plant morphological characters and 1000-seed weight. The t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean DNA values of the barley and safflower standards (t = -16.74, P = 0.0001). Data analysis also indicated significant (P < 0.01) intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation within the common vetch lines and cultivars for both internal standards used. The DNA content values ranged from 3.342 pg to 3.652 pg and from 3.600 pg to 4.002 pg for the internal standards of safflower and barley, respectively. The DNA differences within the internal standards were 0.310 pg and 0.402 pg for safflower and barley, respectively. The internal standard of barley constantly produced higher DNA content values than the values of safflower standard for all vetch lines and cultivars. Nuclear DNA content differences between 2 internal standards for the same plant material reached as high as 15.59% (0.540 pg), which is equivalent to 528.12 Mbp DNA. No significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and the nuclear DNA contents of barley (P < 0.51) or safflower (P < 0.76) were detected.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: DNA C-value, flow cytometry, intraspecific variation, nuclear genome size, nuclear DNA amount

Determination of intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars based on two distinct internal reference standards

Keywords:

Key words: DNA C-value, flow cytometry, intraspecific variation, nuclear genome size, nuclear DNA amount,

PDF

___

Amarowicz R, Troszynska A, Pegg RB (2008) Antioxidative and radical scavenging effects of phenolics from Vicia sativum. Fitoterapia 79: 121–122.
Arumuganathan K, Earle ED (1991) Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Mol Biol Rep 9: 208–218.
Baranyi M, Greilhuber J (1996) Flow cytometric and Feulgen densitometric analysis of genome size variation in Pisum. Theor Appl Gen 92: 297–307.
Bennett MD (1972) Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 181: 109–135.
Bennett MD (1987) Variation in genomic form in plants and its ecological implications. New Phyt 106: 177–200.
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ (2005a) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: progress, problems and prospects. Ann Bot 95: 45–90.
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ (2005b) Plant genome size research: a field in focus. Ann Bot 95: 1–6.
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ (2011) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: targets, trends and tomorrow. Ann Bot 107: 467–590.
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS (2003) Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (100 Mb) and Drosophila (175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be 157 Mb and thus 25% larger than the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of 125 Mb. Ann Bot 91: 547–557.
Bennett MD, Price HJ, Johnston JS (2008) Anthocyanin inhibits propidium iodide DNA fluorescence in Euphorbia pulcherrima: implications for genome size variation and flow cytometry. Ann Bot 101: 777–790.
Bennett MD, Smith JB (1976) Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philos Trans Royal Soc L Series B: 274: 227–274.
Bennett ST, Bennett MD (1992) Variation in nuclear DNA amount between wild and cultivated populations of Milium effusum (2n = 28). Genome 35: 1050–1053.
Bennett ST, Thomas SM (1991) Karyological analysis and genome size in Milium (Gramineae) with special reference to polyploidy and chromosomal evolution. Genome 34: 868–878.
Bennetzen JL (2002) Mechanisms and rates of genome expansion and contraction in flowering plants. Genetica 115: 29–36.
Bennetzen JL, Kellogg EA (1997) Do plants have a one-way ticket to genomic obesity? Plant Cell 9: 1509–1514.
Bennetzen JL, Ma J, Devos KM (2005) Mechanisms of recent genome size variation in flowering plants. Ann Bot (Lond) 95: 127–132.
Bures P, Pavlicek T, Horova L, Nevo E (2004) Microgeographic genome size differentiation of the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, at ‘Evolution Canyon’, Israel. Ann Bot 93: 529–535.
Chung J, Lee JH, Arumuganathan K, Graef GL, Specht JE (1998) Relationships between nuclear DNA content and seed and leaf size in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 96: 1064–1068.
Doležel J (1991) Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in higher plants. Phyt Anal 2: 143–154.
Doležel J, Bartos J (2005) Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size. Ann Bot 95: 99–110.
Doležel J, Bartos J, Voglmayr H, Greilhuber J (2003) Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human. Cytometry A 51: 127–128; author reply: 129.
Doležel J, Greilhuber J (2010) Nuclear genome size: are we getting closer? Cytometry A 77: 635–642.
Fedoroff N (2000) Transposons and genome evolution in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 7002–7007.
Fırıncıoğlu HK, Ünal S, Erbektaş E, Doğruyol L (2010) Relationships between seed yield and yield components in common vetch (Vicia sativa ssp. sativa) populations sown in spring and autumn in central Turkey. Field Crops Res 116: 30–37.
Galbraith DW, Harkins KR, Maddox JM, Mayres N, Sharma DP, Firoozabady E (1983) Rapid flow cytophotometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science 220: 1049–1051.
Graham MJ, Nivkell CD, Rayburn AL (1994) Relationship between genome size and maturity group in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 88: 429–432.
Gregory TR (2003) Is small indel bias a determinant of genome size? Trends Genet 19: 485–488.
Gregory TR (2005) Genome size evolution in animals. In: The Evolution of the Genome (Ed. TR Gregory). Elsevier, San Diego, pp. 3–87.
Greilhuber J (1998) Intraspecific variation in genome size: a critical reassessment. Annal Bot 82: 27–35.
Greilhuber J, Obermayer R (1997) Genome size and maturity group in Glycine max (soybean). Heredity 78: 547–551.
Grime JP (1983) Prediction of weed and crop response to climate based on measurement of DNA content. Asp Appl Biol 4: 87– 98.
Hall SE, Dvorak WS, Johnston JS, Price HJ, Williams CG (2000) Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content for tropical and temperate new world pines. Annal Bot 86: 1081–1086.
Haun WJ, Hyten DL, Xu WW, Gerhardt DJ, Albert TJ, Richmond T, Jeddeloh JA, Jia G,
Springer NM, Vance CP, Stupar RM (2011) The composition and origins of genomic variation among individuals of the soybean reference cultivar Williams 82. Plant Physiol 155: 645–655.
Jaaska V (1997) Isoenzyme diversity and phylogenetic affinities in Vicia subgenus Vicia (Fabaceae). Gen Res Crop Evol 44: 557– 574.
Jasienski M, Bazzaz FA (1995) Genome size and high CO2. Nature 376: 559–560.
Jovtchev G, Schubert V, Meister A, Barow M, Schubert I (2006) Nuclear DNA content and nuclear and cell volume are positively correlated in angiosperms. Cesk Otol 114: 77–82.
Kahlaoui S, Walker DJ, Correal E, Martínez-Gómez P, Hassen H, Bouzid S (2009) The morphology, chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of Tunisian populations of three Vicia species. Afr J Biotechnol 8: 3184–3191.
Kalendar R, Tanskanen J, Immonen S, Nevo E, Schulman AH (2000) Genome evolution of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) by BARE-1 retrotransposon dynamics in response to sharp microclimate divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 6603– 6607.
Lysak MA, Doleželova M, Horry JP, Swennen R, Doležel J (1999) Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in Musa. Theor Appl Genet 98: 1344–1350.
Lysak MA, Rostkova A, Dixon JM, Rossi G, Doležel J (2000) Limited genome size variation in Sesleria albicans. Annal Bot 86: 399– 403.
Macas J, Pozarkova D, Navratilova A, Nouzova M, Neumann P (2000) Two new families of tandem repeats isolated from genus Vicia using genomic self-priming PCR. Mol Gen Genet 263: 741–751.
Marciniak K, Bilecka A (1986) Changes in nuclear and nucleolar protein content during the growth and differentiation of root parenchyma cells in plant species with different DNA- endoreplication dynamics. Histochemistry 85: 51–56.
Marie D, Brown SC. 1993. A cytometric exercise in plant DNA histograms, with 2C values for 70 species. Biol Cell 78: 41–51.
Martel E, De Nay D, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Brown S, Sarr A (1997) Genome size variation and basic chromosome number in pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum species. J Heredity 88: 139–143.
Maxted N (1995) An Ecogeographical Study of Vicia Subgenus Vicia. Systematic and Ecogeographic Studies on Crop Genepools, 8. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.
Michaelson MJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS, Ellison JR (1991) Variation of nuclear DNA content in Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae). Amer J Bot 78: 1238–1243.
Mohanty IC, Mahapatra D, Mohanty S, Das AB (2004) Karyotype analyses and studies on the nuclear DNA content in 30 genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Cell Biol Int 28: 625–633.
Morgan ER, Burge GK, Seelye JF, Grant JE, Hopping ME (1995) Interspecific hybridization between Limonium perigrinum Bergius and Limonium purpuratum L. Euphytica 83: 215–24.
Moscone EA, Baryani M, Ebert I, Greilhuber J, Ehrendorfer F, Hunziker AT (2003) Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry. Ann Bot 92: 21–29.
Murray BG (2005) When does intraspecific C-value variation become taxonomically significant? Ann Bot 95: 119–125.
Navràtilovà A, Neumann P, Macas J (2003) Karyotype analysis of four Vicia species using in situ hybridization with repetitive sequences. Ann Bot 91: 921–926.
Noirot M, Barre P, Duperray C, Hamon S, Kochko A (2005) Investigation on the causes of stoichiometric error in genome size estimation using heat experiments: consequences on data interpretation. Ann Bot 95: 111–118.
Ohri D (1998) Genome size variation and plant systematics. Ann Bot 82: 75–83.
Ohri D (2005) Climate and growth form: the consequences for genome size in plants. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 7: 449–458.
Ohri D, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A (2004) Nuclear DNA amounts in 112 species of tropical hardwoods – new estimates. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 6: 555–61
Ohri D, Fritsch RM, Hanelt P (1998) Evolution of genome size in Allium (Alliaceae). Plant Syst Evol 210: 57–86.
Pastor-Cavada E, Juan R, Pastor JE, Alaiz M, Giron-Calle J, Vioque J (2008) Antioxidative activity in the seeds of 28 Vicia species from Southern Spain. J Food Bioch 35: 1373–1380.
Paux E, Roger D, Badaeva E, Gay G, Bernard M, Sourdille P, Feuillet C (2006) Characterizing the composition and evolution of homoeologous genomes in hexaploid wheat through BAC-end sequencing on chromosome 3B. Plant J 48: 463–474.
Petrov D (1997) Slow but steady: reduction of genome size through biased mutation. Plant Cell 9: 1900–1901.
Poggio L, Rosato M, Chiavarino AM, Naranjo CA (1998) Genome size and environmental correlation in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays, Poaceae). Ann Bot 82 (Suppl. A): 107–115.
Price HJ (1976) Evolution of DNA content in higher plants. Bot Rev 42: 27–52.
Price HJ, Hodnett G, Johnston JS (2000) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaves contain compounds that reduce nuclear propidium iodide fluorescence. Ann Bot 86: 929–934.
Raina SN (1990) Genome organization and evolution in the genus Vicia. In: Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants (Ed. S Kawano). Academic Press, London, pp. 183–201.
Raina SN, Bisht MS (1988) DNA amounts and chromatin compactness in Vicia. Genetica 77: 65–77.
Raina SN, Narayan RKJ (1984) Changes in DNA composition in the evolution of Vicia species. Theor Appl Genet 68: 187–192.
Rayburn AL, Auger JA, Benzinger ES, Hepburn AG (1989) Detection of intraspecific DNA content variation in Zea mays L. by flow cytometry. J Exp Bot 40: 1179–1183.
Rayburn AL, Biradar DP, Bullock DG, Nelson RL, Gourmet C, Wetzel JB (1997) Nuclear DNA content diversity in Chinese soybean introductions. Ann Bot 80: 321–325.
Rayburn AL, Wetzel JB (2002) Flow cytometric analyses of intraplant nuclear DNA content variation induced by sticky chromosomes. Cytometry 49: 36–41.
Reeves G, Francis D, Davies MS, Rogers HJ, Hodkinson TR (1998) Genome size is negatively correlated with altitude in natural populations of Dactylis glomerata. Ann Bot 82 (Suppl. A): 99–105.
SAS (1997) SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.12. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
Smarda P, Bures P (2006) Intraspecific DNA content variability in Festuca pallens on different geographical scales and ploidy levels. Ann Bot 98: 665–678.
Smarda P, Bures P (2010) Understanding intraspecific variation in genome size in plants. Preslia 82: 41–61.
Smarda P, Horova L, Bures P, Hralova I, Markova M (2010) Stabilizing selection on genome size in a population of Festuca pallens under conditions of intensive intraspecific competition. New Phytol 187: 1195–1204.
Suda J, Kyncl T, Freiova R (2003) Nuclear DNA amounts in Macaronesian angiosperms. Ann Bot 92: 153–164.
Sugiyama S, Yamaguchi K, Yamada T (2002) Intraspecific phenotypic variation associated with nuclear DNA content in Lolium perenne L. Euphytica 128: 145–151.
Swift HH (1950) The constancy of desoxyribose nucleic acid in plant nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 36: 643–654.
Thomas CAJ (1971) The genetic organization of chromosomes. Ann Rev Genet 5: 237–256.
Tuna M, Vogel KP, Arumuganathan K, Gill KS (2001) DNA contents and ploidy determination of bromegrass germplasm accessions by flow cytometry. Crops Sci 41: 1629–1634.
Turpeinen T, Kulmala J, Nevo E (1999) Genome size variation in Hordeum spontaneum populations. Genome 42: 1049–1099.
van de Wouw M, Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV (2003) Agro- morphological characterisation of common vetch and its close relatives. Euphytica 130: 281–292.
Vinogradov AE (1999) Intron-genome size relationship on a large evolutionary scale. J Mol Evol 49: 376–384.
Walker DJ, Monino I, Correal E (2006) Genome size in Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirton (Fabaceae) populations: separation of “true” differences from environmental effects on DNA determination. Envir Exp Bot 55: 258–265.
Watson EM (1987) Nuclear DNA content in the Australian Bulbine. Genome 29: 225–235.
Zaitlin D, Pierce AJ (2010) Nuclear DNA content in Sinningia (Gesneriaceae); intraspecific genome size variation and genome characterization in S. speciosa. Genome 53: 1066–1082.