Seçil AKILLI, Yakup Zekai KATIRCIOĞLU, Salih MADEN

Cryphonectria parasitica’nın neden olduğu kestane kanserinin hipovirülent izolatlar ve antagonistik mikroorganizmalarla biyolojik savaşımı

Kestane kanserinin biyolojik savaşımı Karadeniz bölgesinden 2008-2009 yıllarında toplanan örneklerden elde edilen Cryphonectria parasitica’ nın iki virülent, üç hipovirülent izolatı, beş Trichoderma, dört Penicillium ve dört Bacillus izolatı kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Hipovirülent izolatlar ve antagonistik mikroorganizmaların etkinliği üç yaşında kestane fi danları üzerinde araştırılmıştır. Denemelerde 6 mm’lik kabuk diskleri çıkarılmış ve açılan çukurlara önce virülent C. parasitica izolatı kültür diski sonra hipovirülent izolat veya antagonist fungusların diski yerleştirilmiştir. Bacillus’ ların ise 1010 hücre mL-1 bakteri süspansiyonu önce çukura uygulanmış sonra virülent C. parasitica kültürü uygulanmıştır. Değerlendirmeler üç dönemde kanser uzunluklarının ölçülmesiyle yapılmış ve etkinlik uygulamaların yüzde engellemesi olarak verilmiştir. Antagonistik mikroorganizmalar üç dönemde değişen yüzdelerde engellemeleroluşturmuş ve en yüksek engelleme (%68) bir Trichoderma izolatından (T - 2) elde edilmiştir. Bir Penicillium sp. izolatı (P - 3) ve iki Bacillus sp. izolatı (B - z ve B - b) inokulasyondan 58 gün sonra sırasıyla %30, %40 ve %31 etki sağlamıştır. Hipovirülent izolatların etkinliği virülent izolata bağlı olarak değişmiş, hipovirülent izolat Z - 1 en virülent izolat K - 19’ a karşı %59 engelleme sağlamış diğer yandan, aynı izolat daha az saldırgan olan izolat K - 44’ e karşı %32 engelleme oluşturmuştur. Diğer hipovirülent izolat Ba - 6 virülent izolat K - 19’ deki kanser gelişimini %42 oranında engellemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cryphonectria parasitica, kestane kanseri, biyolojik kontrol, hipovirulens, antagonistler

Biological control of chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates

Biological control of chestnut blight was investigated by using 3 hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica, 5 Trichoderma sp., 4 Penicillium sp., and 4 Bacillus sp. isolates. Hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic organisms were obtained from samples collected from the Black Sea region of Turkey, in 2008 and 2009. Effectiveness of the hypovirulent isolates and antagonistic microorganisms was tested on 3-year-old chestnut saplings. In the tests, bark disks of 6 mm were removed from the stem bases and culture disks of the virulent isolate of C. parasitica were first placed into the hole and then the hypovirulent isolate or the antagonistic fungi. Bacillus strains were applied as bacterial suspensions of 1010 cell mL-1 to the holes; then the virulent isolate of C. parasitica was placed. Evaluations were made by measuring the canker lengths in 3 periods and effectiveness was given as percent inhibition (PI) of the treatments. Antagonistic microorganisms yielded varying PI values in 3 time periods and the highest rate of inhibition (68%) was obtained from the Trichoderma sp. isolate T - 2. A Penicillium sp. isolate (P - 3) and 2 Bacillus spp. isolates (B - z and B - b) also provided 30%, 40%, and 31% disease inhibition, respectively, 58 days after the inoculation. Effectiveness of the hypovirulent isolates varied depending on the virulent isolates and the hypovirulent isolate Z - 1 provided 59% inhibition against the most virulent isolate K - 19, while it gave 32% inhibition against the less aggressive isolate K - 44. The other hypovirulent isolate Ba - 6 also inhibited the canker development of the virulent isolate by 42%.

Keywords:

chestnut blight, biological control, hypovirulence, antagonists, Cryphonectria parasitica,

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