Auxetic springs for seating

It is commonly believed that furniture spring systems are far more durable and friendly to use than foam systems. The aim of this research project was to design and realise models of individual auxetic compression springs and determine their resistance to cyclic as well as prolonged static loads. The study was conducted using numerical calculations and verification of results by laboratory experiments. The results of the performed investigations made it possible to conclude that the designed spring had stiffness characteristics similar to the compression characteristics of polyurethane foams. Cyclical and prolonged static loads have no significant influence on changes in spring heights; their impact on the comfort of seating is insignificant. New construction of springs guaranteed the auxetic properties of systems made up of many parallel-joined spring systems. Due to such properties, seats designed using auxetic springs can exhibit high comfort levels in comparison with traditional systems made of wire springs or foams.

Auxetic springs for seating

It is commonly believed that furniture spring systems are far more durable and friendly to use than foam systems. The aim of this research project was to design and realise models of individual auxetic compression springs and determine their resistance to cyclic as well as prolonged static loads. The study was conducted using numerical calculations and verification of results by laboratory experiments. The results of the performed investigations made it possible to conclude that the designed spring had stiffness characteristics similar to the compression characteristics of polyurethane foams. Cyclical and prolonged static loads have no significant influence on changes in spring heights; their impact on the comfort of seating is insignificant. New construction of springs guaranteed the auxetic properties of systems made up of many parallel-joined spring systems. Due to such properties, seats designed using auxetic springs can exhibit high comfort levels in comparison with traditional systems made of wire springs or foams.

___

  • Adalian C, Morlier P (2002) Wood model for the dynamic behaviour of wood in multiaxial compression. Holz Roh Werkst 60: 433– 4
  • Alderson A, Alderson KL (2007) Auxetic materials. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 221, pp. 565–575.
  • Ambrose DH (2004) Developing random virtual human motions and risky work behaviors for studying anthropotechnical systems.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, No: 130, Pittsburgh. Bezazi A, Scarpa F (2007) Mechanical behavior of conventional and negative Poisson’s ratio thermoplastic polyurethane foams under compressive cyclic loading. Int J Fatigue 29: 922–930.
  • Bezazi A, Scarpa F (2009) Tensile fatigue of conventional and negative Poisson’s ratio open cell PU foams. Int J Fatigue 31: 488–494.
  • Brandel B, Lakes RS (2001) Negative Poisson’s ratio polyethylene foams. J Mater Sci 36: 5885–5893.
  • British Standards Institution (2001) BS EN 1728:2001. Domestic furniture. Seating. Test methods for the determination of strength and durability. British Standards Institution, London.
  • Choi JB, Lakes RS (1992) Nonlinear properties of polymer cellular materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio. J Mater Sci 27: 4678– 46
  • Chow WW, Odell EI (1994) Deformations and stress in soft body tissues of sitting person. J Biomech Eng 100: 79–87.
  • Chu SJ (2000) Finite element analysis of contact stresses between a seat cushion and a human body. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Korea–Russia International Symposium, Vol. 3, pp. 11–16.
  • Dzięgielewski S, Smardzewski J (1995) Computer evaluation and modeling of upholstered spring systems. Przemysł Drzewny 4: 6–
  • Ebe K, Griffin M (2001) Factors affecting static seat cushion. Comfort Ergonomics10: 901–921.
  • Evans KE, Alderson A (2000) Auxetic materials: functional materials and structures from lateral thinking. Adv Mater 12: 617–628.
  • Ferrarin M, Andreoni G, Pedotti A (2000) Comparative biomechanical evaluation of different wheelchair seat cushions. J Rehabil Res Dev 3: 315–324.
  • Gaspar N, Ren XJ, Smith CW, Grima JN, Evans KE (2005) Novel honeycombs with auxetic behaviour. Acta Mater 53: 2439– 24
  • Gong L, Kyriakides S, Triantafyllidis N (2005) On the stability of Kelvin cell foams under compressive loads. J Mech Phys Solids 53: 771–794.
  • Grima JN, Evans KE (2000) Auxetic behavior from rotating squares. J Mater Sci Lett 19: 1563–1565.
  • Grima JN, Evans KE (2006) Auxetic behavior from rotating triangles. J Mater Sci 41: 3193–3196.
  • Grima JN, Farrugia PS, Gatt R, Attard D (2008a) On the auxetic properties of rotating rhombi and parallelograms: a preliminary investigation. Phys Stat Sol 245: 521–529.
  • Grima JN, Gatt R, Farrugia PS (2008b) On the properties of auxetic meta-tetrachiral structures. Phys Stat Sol 245: 511–520.
  • Grujicic M, Pandurangan B, Arakere G, Bell WC, He T, Xie X (2009) Seat-cushion and soft-tissue material modeling and a finite element investigation of the seating comfort for passengervehicle occupants. Materials and Design 30: 4273–4285.
  • Kapica L, Smardzewski J (1994) Influence of the geometry of dual conical springs on the stiffness of bonnell system. Przemysł Drzewny 10: 1–3.
  • Lakes RS (1987) Foam structures with a negative Poisson’s ratio. Science 235: 1038–1040.
  • Lakes RS (1992) Experimental micromechanics method for conventional and negative Poisson’s ratio cellular solids as Cosserat continua. J Eng Mat & Techn 113: 148–155.
  • Linder-Ganz E, Yarnitzky G, Portnoy S, Yizhar Z, Gefen A (2005) Real-time finite element monitoring of internal. Stress in the bittlok during wheelchair sitting to prevent sores: verification and phantom results. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Bioengineering, pp. 14–16.
  • Lusiak A, Smardzewski J (2010) Creative thinking in designing furniture for pre-school children. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology 70: 270–278.
  • Petre MT, Erdemir A, Cavanagh PR (2006) Determination of elastomeric foam parameters for simulations of complex loading. Comp Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 4: 231–242.
  • Radzai Said M, Tan CF (2009) Aluminium honeycomb under quasistatic compressive loading: an experimental investigation.
  • Suranaree J Sci Technol 1: 1–8. Scarpa F, Bullough WA, Lumley P (2004) Trends in acoustic properties of iron particle seeded auxetic polyurethane foam. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 218, pp. 241–244.
  • Schrodt M, Benderoth G, Kuhhorn A, Silber G (2005) Hyperelastic description of polymer soft foams at finite deformations. Technische Mechanik 3–4: 162–173.
  • Seigler M, Ahmadian M (2003) Evaluation of an alternative seating technology for truck seats. International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 3: 188–208.
  • Silber G, Alizadeh M, Salimi M (2010) Large deformation analysis for soft foams based on hyperelasticity. J Mech 3: 327–334.
  • Smardzewski J (1993a) Stiffness of the dual conical upholstery springs. Przemysł Drzewny Rok 2: 6–9.
  • Smardzewski J (1993b) Ergonomic assessment of the bonnell springs systems. Przemysł Drzewny Rok 10: 5–7.
  • Smardzewski J (1993c) Ergonomic model of springs systems. Przemysł Drzewny 11: 6–8.
  • Smardzewski J (2006) Specificity of modeling of springs systems for upholstered furniture. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Polyoptimization and Computer Aided Design, Mielno, pp. 169–177.
  • Smardzewski J (2008a) Furniture design. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolniczei Leśne, Poznan.
  • Smardzewski J (2008b) Stiffness modeling of dual conical upholstery spring. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forest and Wood Technology 64: 247–252.
  • Smardzewski J (2009) Anthropotechnical aspects of furniture design. Drvna Industrija 1: 15–21.
  • Smardzewski J, Barańska-Woźny J, Wiaderek K, Prekrat S, Grbac I (2010a) Mechanical and biomechanical criteria in furniture designing for 60+ users. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Ambienta, Zagreb, pp. 113–122.
  • Smardzewski J, Grbac I (1998) Numerical analysis of ergonomic function of upholstered furniture. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Ambienta, Zagreb, pp. 61–68.
  • Smardzewski J, Grbac I, Prekrat S (2008) Nonlinear mechanics of hyper elastic polyurethane furniture foams. Drvna Industrija 1: 23–28.
  • Smardzewski J, Matwiej Ł, Grbac I (2005) Anthropotechnical models in testing mattresses. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Wood Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3.
  • Smardzewski J, Matwiej Ł (2006) Rigidity of parallel spring systems in furniture mattresses.In: Proceedings of the International Conference Calunnickie Dni, Topolcany, pp. 126–131.
  • Smardzewski J, Matwiej Ł (2007) Analysis of the man-bed mechanical system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Calunnicke Dni -Teoria a prax, Zvolen, pp. 42–49.
  • Smardzewski J, Prekrat S, Pervan S (2010b)Research of contact stresses between seat cushion and human body. Drvna Industrija 2: 95–101.
  • Smardzewski J, Wiaderek K, Grbac I (2006) Numerical analysis of contact problems of human body and elastic mattress. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Ambienta, Zagreb, pp. 81–86.
  • Smardzewski J, Wiaderek K (2007) The analysis of the human bodyseat mechanical system. In: Proceedings of the International Conference CalunnickeDni -Teoria a prax, Zvolen, pp. 50–55.
  • Spadoni A, Ruzzene M, Scarpa F (2005) Global and local linear buckling behavior of a chiral cellular structure. Phys Stat Sol 242: 695–709.
  • Verver MM, Hoof JV, Oomens CWJ, Wismans JSHM, Baaijens FPT (2004) A finite element model of the human buttocks for prediction of seat pressure distributions. Comput Method Biomech 4: 193–203.
  • Vlaovic Z, Bogner A, Grbac I (2008) Comfort evaluation as the example of anthropotechnical furniture design. Coll Antropol 1: 277–283.
  • Wang YC, Lakes RS (2002) Analytical parametric analysis of the contact problem of human buttocks and negative Poisson’s ratio foam cushions. Int J Solids Struct 39: 4825–4838.
  • Webber RS, Alderson K, Evans KE (2008) A novel fabrication route for auxetic polyethylene part 2: mechanical properties. Polym Eng Sci 48: 1351–1358.
  • Wei GY (2005) Design of auxetic polymer self-assemblies. Phys Stat Sol 242: 742–748.
  • Wiaderek K, Smardzewski J (2008) Analysis of the contact problem of human thighs and elastic seat cushion. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forest and Wood Technology 66: 184–188.
  • Wiaderek K, Smardzewski J (2010a) Numerical evaluation of seat hardness. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology 70: 305–311.
  • Wiaderek K, Smardzewski J (2010b) Modeling of foam seats in terms of comfortable relaxation furniture design. In: Proceedings of the International ConferenceAmbienta, Zagreb, pp. 139–146.
  • Winkler T (2005) Computer Aided Design of Anthropotechnical Systems. Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, Warszawa.
  • Wojciechowski KW (2003) Non-chiral molecular model of negative Poisson’s ratio in two dimensions. J Phys A Math Gen 36: 11765–11778.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-011X
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: TÜBİTAK
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Control of lodging and reduction in plant length in rice (Oryza sativa L.) with the treatment of trinexapac-ethyl and sowing density

Rasim ÜNAN, İsmail SEZER, Mevlüt ŞAHİN, Luis A. J. MUR

Land suitability assessment for rice cultivation based on GIS modeling

Orhan DENGİZ

Effects of microbial inoculants Enterococcus faecium EF2/3s and EF26/42 on microbial, chemical, and fermentation parameters in grass silage

Zora VARADYOVA, Dusan JALC, Andrea LAUKOVA, Katarina MIHALIKOVA, Petr HOMOLKA

Effects of organic manures and non-chemical weed control on wheat. II. Grain quality

Sancar BULUT, Ali ÖZTÜRK, Mehmet Murat KARAOĞLU, Nesrin YILDIZ

Effects of winter green manuring on organic cucumber production in unheated greenhouse conditions

Yüksel TÜZEL, Hale DUYAR, Gölgen Bahar ÖZTEKİN, Özlem GÜRBÜZ KILIÇ

The effect of mesotrione applied with adjuvants on weed control efficacy and forage sorghum tolerance

Robert IDZIAK, Witold SKRZYPCZAK, Hubert WALIGORA, Zenon WOZNICA

Performance of Dacryodes edulis mycorrhized layers under different cropping conditions in Makenene, Cameroon

Martin MBEUYO, Nehemie DONFAGSITELI TCHINDA, Emmanuel YOUMBI

Auxetic springs for seating

Jerzy SMARDZEWSKI

Withdrawal force capacity of mortise and loose tenon T-type furniture joints

Mohammad DERIKVAND, Jerzy SMARDZEWSKI, Ghanbar EBRAHIMI, Mosayeb DALVAND, Sadegh MALEKI

Interactive effects of seed size and drought stress on growth and allocation of Quercus brantii Lindl. seedlings from two provenances

Roghayeh ZOLFAGHARI, Payam FAYYAZ, Mona NAZARI, Fernando VALLADARES