Abamectin’e dirençli Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae)’de çoklu direnç, detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin aktivitesi ve kalıtım

Bu çalışmada Antalya ili Gazipaşa ilçesi Beyobas’ında bulunan fasulye serasından toplanılarak laboratuar koşullarında yetiştirilen Tetranychus urticae Koch populasyonundan (BEYO 2) geliştirilen abamectin dirençli populasyonda abamectin direncinin biokimyasal mekanizması belirlenmiştir. Tetranychus urticae’nin BEYO 2 ırkının LC50, 60, 90 değerleri kuru film yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Abamectin ile 15 kez selekte edilen BEYO 2 populasyonun LC50 değeri 2.42 μL 100 mL-1 su’dan 38.67 μL 100 mL-1 su’ya yükselmiştir. Seleksiyon sonucu abamectin’e 35.05 kat abamectin direnç geliştiren populasyonda ABA 15 ırkı olarak adlandırılmıştır. Dirençli ırkın farklı gruptan ilaçlara karşı çoklu direnç geliştirip geliştirmediği incelenmiştir. Abamectin dirençli ABA 15 ırkı chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine ve fenpyroximate karşı çoklu direnç geliştirmiştir. Ayrıca dirençli ırkta piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate(TPP) ve S-Benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP) sinerjistlerinin abamectin ile birlikte etkinlikleri incelenmiştir. ABA 15 ırkında PBO, IBP ve TPP sinerjistleri ve abamectinin birlikte uygulanması sonucu 1.76, 2.43 ve 1.73 kat sinerjistik oranı elde edilmiştir. Dirençli ve hassas ırkı arasında yapılan resiprokal çaprazlamalar sonucu elde edilen F1 dişilerinde abamectin direncinin anne ve babadan eksik dominant olarak taşındığı belirlenmiştir. GSS (hassas populasyon), BEYO 2 ve ABA 15 ırkında esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) ve monooxygenase (P450) enzim aktiviteleri de incelenmiştir. ABA 15 ırkında esteraz enzim aktivitesinde önemli bir değişiklik belirlenmemiştir. Ancak elektrofoterik yöntemde esteraz enziminin bant yoğunluğunda artış gözlenmiştir. GST enzim aktivitesi 10.23 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein’den 12.36 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein’e yükselmiştir. P450 enzim aktivitesi 0.0017 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein’den 0.0039 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein’e artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tetranychus urticae, abamectin, kalıtım, sinerjist, çoklu-direnç, detoksifikasyon enzimleri

Multiple resistance, detoxifying enzyme activity, and inheritance of abamectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism of abamectin resistance in a Tetranychus urticae Koch population collected from a bean greenhouse (BEYO 2) in Beyobası village in Gazipaşa district, Antalya province, and maintained in the laboratory. LC50, 60, 90 levels of BEYO 2 population of T. urticae were determined using a dry film method. The LC50 level of the BEYO 2 strain with abamectin was selected 15 times and was increased from 2.42 µL 100 mL-1 water to 38.67 µL 100 mL-1 water. A selected strain showing 35.05-fold resistance was named ABA 15 strain. It was investigated whether the resistant strain developed multiple resistance to different pesticide groups. The ABA 15 strain with abamectin resistance developed multiple resistance to chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine, and fenpyroximate. The synergistic activity between abamectin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP) was studied in the resistant strain. Application of abamectin with synergists PBO, IBP, and TPP resulted in 1.76-, 2.43-, and 1.73-fold synergistic ratios, respectively, in the ABA 15 strain. The inheritance of resistance to abamectin of F1 females after reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible strains was maternal and paternal incompletely dominant. GSS (susceptible strain), BEYO 2, and ABA 15 strains were investigated in terms of the enzyme activities of esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450). No significant change was determined in esterase enzyme activities of the ABA 15 resistance strain to abamectin. The band density of esterase enzyme increased in the electrophoretic method. GST enzyme activity increased from 10.23 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein to 12.36 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein. The P450 enzyme activity was raised from 0.0017 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein to 0.0039 mOD min-1 mg-1 protein.

Keywords:

abamectin, inheritance, synergist, multiple resistance, detoxification enzymes, Tetranychus urticae,

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