İnsektisitlerin Bal Arısı Davranışı ve Fizyolojisi Üzerine Etkileri
Son yıllarda, dünya çapında nedeni açıklanamayan koloni kayıpları yaşanmaktadır. Bal arısı kolonilerinin giderek azalması sebebiyle, potansiyel nedenleri araştırmak için birçok çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meydana gelen kayıpların ana nedenlerinden birisi de insektisitlerdir. Dünya genelinde tarım alanlarında zararlı böceklerle mücadele için kullanılan insektisitler, sadece zararlıları değil aynı zamanda doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak bal arıları gibi yararlı böcekleri de etkilemektedir. Özellikle insektisitlerin kullanıldığı yerlerde, bal arısı kayıpları daha yaygındır ve bu alanlarda insektisitlere maruz kalan arıların bağışıklık sistemleri zayıflamakta; yiyecek arama davranışında, koku alma ve öğrenme yeteneğinde bozukluklar meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca başta bal olmak üzere bal mumu, polen ve arı ekmeği (perga) gibi arı ürünlerinde kalıntılar bırakmaktadır. Büyük ekolojik tehdit oluşturan bu kayıplarla baş edebilmek için dünya çapında etkin ve sürdürülebilir çözüm yolları aranmaktadır. Bu derleme, insektisitlerin bal arısı davranış ve fizyolojisine etkilerini inceleyerek mevcut durumu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Effects of Insecticides on Honey Bee Behavior and Physiology
n recent years, there have been unexplained colony losses around the world. Due to the decrease in honey bee colonies, many studies have been carried out to investigate potential causes. One of the main causes of losses is also insecticides. Insecticides used against harmful insects in agricultural fields affect not only harmful ones but also beneficial insects such as honey bees directly or indirectly. Honey bee losses are more common, especially where insecticides are used, and the immune systems of bees exposed to insecticides in these areas weaken; foraging behavior, the ability to smell and learn is impaired. In addition, it leaves residues in bee products such as honey, wax, pollen and bee bread. Effective and sustainable solutions are sought worldwide in order to cope with these losses that pose a major ecological threat. This review aims to reveal the current situation by examining the effects of insecticides on honey bee behavior and physiology.
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