Hale BORATAV BOLAK, Diane SUNAR, Bilge ATACA

Duyguları sergileme kuralları ve bağlamsal belirleyicileri: Türkiye'de üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılan bir araştırma

Bu araştırma, kültürlerarası bir çalışmanın parçası olup Türkiye'de duyguları sergileme kurallarını araştırmaktadır. Sergileme kuralları, erken yaşlarda öğrenilen ve kişilere duygusal ifadelerini sosyal koşullara göre ayarlamasında yardımcı olan ilkeler topluluğudur. İstanbul'da okuyan 235 üniversite öğrencisi (151 kadm, 84 erkek) Sergileme Kurallarını Değerlendirme Envanteri'ni (The Display Rule Assessment Inventory; DRAI) doldurdular. Katılımcılara, iki farklı ortamda (özel veya kamusal) birlikte oldukları 20 hedef kişiye karşı 7 evrensel duygunun (öfke, küçük görme, iğrenme, korku, mutluluk, üzüntü, şaşırma) her birini hissetseler ne yapmalarının doğru olacağı soruldu. Araştırmanın en temel bulgusu, duyguların ifadesinin duygunun niteliğine ve sosyal bağlama göre değişmesi olmuştur. Gösterilmesi en uygun bulunan duygu mutluluk olup, bunu sırasıyla şaşırma, üzüntü, öfke, korku, küçük görme ve iğrenme izlemektedir. Sosyal bağlam açısından, ortam ve statü farkının etkisi tüm duygular için anlamlı bulunmuştur. Tüm duyguların, yakın olmayan ilişkilere göre yakın ilişkilerde gösterilmesi daha uygun bulunmuştur. Toplumsal cinsiyet özelliklerinin (katılımcı ve hedefin cinsiyeti) de duyguların ifadesinde rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Türkiye'de ilk kez araştırılan duyguları sergileme kuralları, sosyal psikolojideki bağlamın önemi görüşünü bir kez daha desteklemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye

Emotional diplay rules and their contextual determinants: An investigation with university students in Turkey

The study reported here was the Turkish part of a cross-cultural investigation of emotional display rules, which regulate emotional expression according to the social situation. 235 university students (151 females, 84 males) completed the Display Rules Assessment Inventory (DRAI). Participants were asked what a person should do when feeling each of 7 basic universal emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) toward each of 20 target persons in either a public or private setting. The most basic finding was that emotional expression varies according to both the nature of the emotion and the social situation. Happiness was the emotion allowed freest expression, followed by surprise, sadness, anger, fear, contempt and disgust, in that order. In terms of the social situation, private/public setting and relative status of the person and target were found to significantly affect display of all 7 emotions. For all emotions, fuller expression was approved in close relationships than in more distant relationships. Gender of person and target, and particularly their interaction, were also found to affect emotional expression. In this first investigation of emotional display rules in Turkey, the importance of the situation in determining social behavior once again received strong support.

Keywords:

Turkey,

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