Depresyonu Olan Ergenler İle Ana-Babaların Aile İlşkilerinin ve Bilişsel Çarpıtmalarının İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada, depresyonu olan ergenler ve ana-babalan, birbirleriyle ilişkilerindeki çatışma düzeyleri, aile ilişkileri baklandaki bilişsel çarpıtmaları ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlara bağlılıkları açısından incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, depresyonu olan veya olmayan 123 ergen, 109 anne ve 87 baba olmak üzere toplam 319 denek, Beck Depresyon Envanterine, Anne-Baba ve Ergen ilişki Envanteri 'nin Çatışma ve Bilişler/inançlar alt-ölçeklerine ve Fonksiyonel Olmayan Tutumlar Ölçeği'ne yanıt vermişlerdir. Depresyonu olan ergenlerin, olmayanlara göre, anne ve babalarıyla ilişkilerinden hoşnut olmadıkları, ana-babalarının çeşitli kural ve sınırlandırmalarla hayatlarını mahvedebileceklerine ve onlara kolayca haksızlık yapabileceklerine dair abartılı inançlara bağlı oldukları görülmüştür. Depresyonu olmayan ergenlerin ise, olanlara göre mükemmel bir evlat olmaya dair abartılı inançlara daha fazla sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Çocuğunda depresyon olan ana-babalar, olmayanlara göre, daha fazla depresyon, çocuklarıyla aralarında daha fazla çatışma ve anlaşmazlık ifade etmişlerdir. Ergen, anne ve babaların depresyon puanları, ergen-ebeveyn çatışması, aile ilişkilerine dair çarpıtılmış inançları ve ana-babaların fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlara bağlılıkları arasında pozitif ve anlamlı korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Ergenlerin ana-babalarının kısıtlamaları ile hayatlarının mahvolacağına dair inançları, ebeveyn-ergen çatışması ve fonksiyonel olmayan tutumlara bağlılıkları; annelerin depresyonda olup çocuklarının problemlerinden dolayı kendilerini suçlamaları ve çocukları için düşük mükemmeliyetçi standartlara sahip olmaları; babaların ise ergen çocukları ile ilişkilerinde çatışma ifade etmeleri, depresyonda olan gençleri olmayanlardan ayırt eden değişkenler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.

Family Relations and Cognitive Distortions in Depressive Adolescents and Their Parents

In this study, depressive adolescents and their parents were investigated in terms of parent-adolescent conflict, cognitive distortions/beliefs concerning family relations and dysfunctional attitudes about themselves. Beck Depression Inventory, Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire's subscales of Global Distress and Cognitions/ Beliefs and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale were administered to 123 "depressed" and "non-depressed" adolescents and to their mothers (n = 109) and fathers (n = 87). Depressive adolescents reported more parent-adolescents conflict and cognitive distortions like ruination and unfairness, and dysfunctional attitudes. Non-depressive adolescents expressed more perfectionistic beliefs with their relations with their parents. Parents of depressive adolescents reported more depression and more conflict with their as compared to the parents of non-depressive adolescents. Significant positive correlations were found between adolescents', mothers' and fathers' depression, conflict, distorted beliefs about family relations and positive correlations were found between parents about dysfunctional attitudes. Adolescents' beliefs that their lives will be ruined by their parents' restrictions, global distress with their parents and dysfunctional attitude about themselves, mothers' depression, self-blame for their children's problems and low perfectionistic expectations for their children, fathers' reports of global distress with their children appeared as the variables that discriminated depressed adolescents from the non-depressed ones.

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