Summary:Federico Garcia Lorca, as one of the most popular poet and dramatist of Spanish literature, was one of the supporters of Spanish modernization and one of the tragic victims of Franco fascism during the first half of the twentieth century. Such themes and symbols in his dramatic works can be considered as reflections of the social gripes of modernization and the struggle against fascism. In this article, the relation between Lorca's work and the historical-social problems of the era he lived in will be examined by evaluating both his poems and his dramas. Through the analysis, reference will be made to the major changing points in the author's life and influences of avant garde trends (such as ultraism and surrealism) on his writing. In this sense, an attempt will be made to reveal Lorca's originality in dramatic writing, as poet Can Yücel put it as “ the most theatrical of all poets”.