The transition from the European Security and Defense identity ESDI to an autonomous European Security and Defense Policy ESDP has signifıcant implications for the future architecture of European security. This paper presents an evaluation of these implications in three important dimensions. The fırst dimension of importance is the US attitude vis-â-vis the ESDP and vvhether the US is ready to accept the EU as an equal partner in international security affairs. The second important dimension is the internal coherence and thus the credibility of the EU concerning the Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP . The concerns and the interests of the non-EU European NATO members especially Turkey constitute the final dimension.