Merve KARA, SONER SOYLU, MUSA TÜRKMEN, Durmuş Alpaslan KAYA

Determination and antifungal activities of laurel and fennel essential oils against fungal disease agents of cypress seedlings

Fusarium oxysporum and Pestalotiopsis funerea are the most common fungal disease agents of conifer seedlings causing root rot and shoot or tip blight diseases. In this study, chemical compositions and antifungal activities of essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) were determined against root rot and wilt disease agents F. oxysporum and P. funerea in vitro conditions. Chemical compositions of essential oils were determined by using GC-MS analysis. Antifungal volatile phase effects of essential oils were determined on inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro conditions by using different concentrations. The effect of most effective concentrations of essential oils on the morphology of fungal hypha was also determined by using light microscope. GC-MS analysis of essential oils of laurel and fennel plants revealed that eucalyptol (52.88%) and α-terpinyl acetate (11.77%) were major components of laurel; trans-anethole (81.55%) and limonene (5.88%) were major components of fennel essential oils. Volatile phase effects of fennel and laurel essential oils were found to completely inhibit mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at 30.0 and 50.0 µl petri-1 concentrations, respectively. Complete growth inhibition of P. funerea by essential oil of fennel and laurel were observed at relatively lower concentrations (20.0 and 25.0 µl petri-1concentrations, respectively). Light microscopic observations on hyphae, exposed to volatile phase of the most efficient concentrations of essential oil, revealed considerable structural deformations such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations and protoplast leakage. In conclusion, our results suggest that essential oils have the potential for use in control of fungal diseases of conifer plants.

Servi fidanlarında sorun olan fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı defne ve rezene uçucu yağlarının antifungal etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi

Fusarium oxysporum ve Pestalotiopsis funerea, kozalaklı bitki türlerinde kök çürüklüğü, sürgün ya da uç yanıklığı olarak bilinen hastalıklara sebep olan en yaygın fungal hastalık etmenleridir. Bu çalışmada, rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) ve defne (Laurus nobilis L.) bitkilerinden elde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşimleri ve F. oxysporum ve P. funerea’ya karşı antifungal etkileri in vitro koşullarda belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşimleri, GC-MS analizi kullanarak belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağların buhar fazında misel gelişimini engellemesi üzerine antifungal etkileri in vitro koşullarda farklı konsantrasyonlar kullanarak belirlenmiştir. Işık mikroskobu kullanarak uçucu yağların en etkili konsantrasyonlarının fungus hiflerinin morfolojisine etkileri de belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağlarının GC-MS analiz sonuçları, eucalyptol (%52.88) ve α-terpinyl acetate (%11.77)’ın defnenin, trans anethole (%81.55) ve limonene (%5.88)’nin ise rezene uçucu yağının ana bileşenleri olduğunu göstermiştir. Rezene ve defne uçucu yağlarının buhar fazında F. oxysporum’un miselyal gelişimini tamamen engelleyen konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 30.0 ve 50.0 µl petri-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Rezene ve defne uçucu yağlarının P. funerea’nın gelişimini tamamen engelleyen konsantrasyonların nispeten daha düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir (sırasıyla 20.0 ve 25.0 µl petri-1 konsantrasyonlarında). Uçucu yağların buhar fazında en etkili konsantrasyonuna maruz kalan hifler üzerinde yapılan ışık mikroskobu gözlemleri, sitoplazmik pıhtılaşma, vakuolleşme ve protoplazmik içeriğin hücre dışarısına akıntısı şeklinde gerçekleşen önemli yapısal deformasyonları ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak elde edilen bulgularımız, uçucu yağların kozalaklı bitkilerde sorun olan fungal hastalıklarının kontrolünde kullanım potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

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