Hassas Tarm Teknolojilerinin Adaptasyonunu Etkileyen Faktörler ve Bu Teknolojilerin Dünyadaki Kullanm Durumu

Öz Hassas Tarm Teknolojileri (HTT); uydu teknolojileri, elektronik ölçüm ve kontrol sistemleri vebilgisayar yazlmlar gibi yüksek teknolojileri kullanarak tarmsal üretimde kârllk ve etkinliinarttrlmasn ve doal kaynaklarn korunmasn amaçlar. HTT ile ilgili ilk çalmalar 1980'li yllardaABD, Kanada, Avustralya ve Bat Avrupa'da balam olmasna ve bu alanda önemli düzeydearatrma yaplmasna ramen geçen süre içinde bu teknolojilerin kullanm beklenenden düükseviyededir. Bu bildirinin amac, HTT’nin adaptasyonunu etkileyen faktörler, bu teknolojilerinekonomiklii ve dünyadaki kullanm durumu hakknda bilgi vermektir. Yaplan çalmalar, çiftçilerinkiisel özellikleri (ya, eitim, cinsiyet, kiilik, aile yaps, sosyal ilikiler), çiftliin fiziksel ve ekonomiközellii, yasal düzenlemeler, teknoloji ile ilgili destek verebilecek kurulularn says ve nitelii,kârllk, teknolojilerin özellii (maliyet, eriim, kullanm zorluu, teknik destek) gibi faktörlerinadaptasyonu etkileyen en önemli faktörler alduunu ortaya koymaktadr.

___

Balsari, P., M.Tamagnone, 1997. An Automatic Spray Control for Airblast Sprayers: First Results. Precision Agriculture’97 Proceedings. Vol.II, SCI, Bios Scientific Publishers, pp.619-626.

Bligaard, J., 2013. Identified user requirements for precision farming in Germany, Finland and Denmark. www.landbrugsinfo.dk, Eriim: Temmuz 2013.

Bongiovanni, R., J.Lowenberg-DeBoer, 2000. Economics of Variable Rate Lime in Indiana. Precision Ag 2: 55-70.

Daberkow, S., W.McBride, 2003. Farm and operator characteristics affecting the awareness and adoption of precision agriculture technologies in the US. Precision Agriculture 4(2): 163–177.

Edwards-Jones, G., 2006. Modelling Farmer Decision-Making: Concepts, Progress and Challenges. Animal Science 82: 783–790.

Ehsani, R., 2011. Precision Agriculture for Small Growers. Resource 18(1): 11.

Erickson, B., D. Widmar, J. Holland, 2013. Survey: An inside look at precision agriculture in 2013. www.croplife.com, Eriim: Temmuz 2013.

Ess, D.R., 2002. Precision and Profits. Resource 9(2): 11-12.

Felton, W.L., A.F.Doss, P.G.Nash, K.R.McCloy, 1991. A Microprocessor Based Controlled Technology to Selectively Spot Spray Weeds. pp. 427-432. In: Automated Agr for the 21st Century Proc, ASAE.

Fountas, S., 1999. Market Research on the Views and Perceptions about the Role of Crop Management within Precision Farming. MSc Thesis, Cranfield Univ., UK.

Fountas, S., S.Blackmore, D.Ess, S.Hawkins, G.Blumhoff, J.Lowenberg-DeBoer, C.G.Sorensen, 2005b. Farmer Experience with Precision Agriculture in Denmark and the US Eastern Corn Belt. Precision Ag 6:121–141.

Fountas, S., S.M.Pedersen, S.Blackmore, 2005a. ICT in Precision Agriculture - Diffusion of Technology. ICT in Agriculture: Perspectives of Tech Innovation. EFITA.

Gandonou, J.M., T.S.Stombaugh, C.R.Dillon, S.A.Shearer, 2001. Precision Agriculture: A Break-Even Acreage Analysis. 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sacramento, California. Paper Number: 01-1029.

Green, H.M., W.K.Vencill, C.K.Kvien, B.C.Boydel, S.Pocknee, 1997. Precision Management of Spatially Variable Weeds. Precision Agriculture’97, pp.983-989, Vol.II: SCI, Bios Scientific Publishers.

Isgin, T., A.Bilgic, L.Forster, M.T.Batte, 2008. Using Count Data Models to Determine the Factors Affecting Farmers’ Quantity Decisions of Precision Farming Technology Adoption. Comp and Electr in Ag 6(2): 231–242.

Karimzadeh, R., M.J.Hejazi, H.Helali, S.Iranipour, S.A.Mohammadi, 2011. Assessing the Impact of Site- Specific Spraying on Control of Eurygaster Integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) Damage and Natural Enemies. Precision Ag 12: 576–593.

Keskin, M., S.Görücü Keskin, 2012. Hassas Tarm Teknolojileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Yaynlar No:35, Antakya, Hatay.

Koch, B., R.Khosla, W.M.Frasier, D.G.Westfall, D.Inman, 2004. Economic Feasibility of Variable-Rate Nitrogen Application Utilizing Site-Specific Management Zones. Agronomy Journal 96: 1572–1580.

Kutter, T., S.Tiemann, R.Siebert, S.Fountas, 2011. The Role of Communication and Co-operation in the Adoption of Precision Farming. Precision Agriculture 12: 2–17.

Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., 1998. Adoption Patterns for Precision Agriculture. International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition, 14-16 September 1998, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., 2003. Is the US Falling Behind in Yield Monitor Adoption? Site Specific Management Center Newsletter, Purdue University, August 2003.

Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., 2011. Economics of Remote and Direct Sensing in Agriculture. Int Symposium on Sensing in Agr, 21-24 February 2011, Haifa, Israel.

Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., T.W.Griffin, 2006. Potential for Precision Agriculture Adoption in Brazil. Site Specific Management Center Newsletter, June 2006, Purdue University.

Mohammadzamani, D., S.Minaei, R.Alimardani, M.Almassi, M.Rashidi, H.Norouzpour, 2009. Variable Rate Herbicide Application Using the Global Positioning System for Generating a Digital Management Map. Int J Agric Biol 11: 178–182.

Norwood, S., J.Fulton, 2009. GPS/GIS Applications for Farming Systems. Alabama Farmers Federation Commodity Organizational Meeting, 5 February 2009

Özgüven, M.M., U.Türker, 2010a. Hassas Uygulamal Tarm Teknolojilerinin Üretim Ekonomisi ve Ülkemizde Pamuk Üretiminde Kullanlabilme Olanaklar. ADÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 7(1): 23-33.

Özgüven, M.M., U.Türker, 2010b. Hassas Tarm Teknolojilerinin Üretim Ekonomisi ve Ülkemizde Msr Üretiminde Kullanlabilme Olanaklar. Tekirda Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 7(1): 55-70.

Paudel, K., M.Pandit, A.Mishra, E.Segarra, 2011. Why Don't Farmers Adopt Precision Farming Technologies in Cotton Production? 2011 AAEA & NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, 24-26 July 2011, Pittsburgh.

Pedersen, S.M., S.Fountas, B.S.Blackmore, M.Gylling, J.L.Pedersen, 2004. Adoption and Perspectives of Precision Farming in Denmark. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science 54(1): 2-8. Reichardt, M., C.Jürgens, U.Klöble, J.Hüter, K.Moser, 2009.

Dissemination of Precision Farming in Germany: Acceptance, Adoption, Obstacles, Knowledge Transfer and Training Activities. Precision Ag (10): 525–545.

Robert, P.C., W.H.Thompson, D.Fairchild, 1991. Soil Specific Anhydrous Ammonia Management System. Automated Agr for the 21st Century Proceedings. pp.419-426, 16-17 December 1991, ASAE, Chicago.

Sevier, B.J., W.S.Lee, 2004. Precision Farming Adoption by Florida Citrus Producers: Probit Model Analysis.

University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Publication CIR 1461, Florida.

Silva, C.B., M.A.F.D. Moraes, J.P.Molin, 2011. Adoption and Use of Precision Agriculture Technologies in the Sugarcane Industry of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Precision Agric 12: 67–81.

Söderström, M., A.Rydberg, 2013. The ISPA Report, May 2013, Country Report - Sweden. www.ispag.org, Eriim: Temmuz 2013.

TAGEM, 2011. Hassas Tarm Teknolojileri Uygulama Tantm. Tarmsal Aratrmalar Genel Müdürlüü. www.tagem.gov.tr/haberler/htarimtek/htarimtek.htm, Eriim: Austos 2011.

Whipker, L.D., J.T.Akridge, 2009. Precision Agriculture Services Dealership Survey Results - Year 2009.

http://purl.umn.edu/56111, Eriim: Mays 2013.

Yule, I., 1999. Precision Farming. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 61: 209-214.

Zhang, N., M.Wang, N.Wang. 2002. Precision Agriculture - Worldwide Overview. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 36: 113-132.