Aydın ÜNAY, İbrahim SABANCI, Volkan Mehmet ÇINAR

The Effect of Maize (Zea mays L.) / Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Intercropping and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield, Leaf Area Index and Land Equivalent Ratio

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the different intercropping design of maize/soybean compared with sole cropping, in combination with Vitormone (biofertilizer; Azotobacter) during 2012 and 2013. There were four different intercropping designs were used in the experiment: i) sole maize and soybean, ii) 1 maize + 1 soybean in alternate rows, iii) 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows and iv) 1 maize + 2 soybeans in intra rows under control with the Vitormone application. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that the seed/grain yields and the Leaf area index of sole soybean and sole maize outperformed the intercropping. The highest yields for both maize (8.0 t ha-1) and soybean (3.26 t ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (1.26) were recorded at 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows among the intercropping. The effect of Vitormone was significantly positive for all cropping system except 1 maize + 1 soybean in alternate rows. This suggests that 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows can intercrop and combine with the Vitormone. The intercropping of cereal/legume has the potential to improve the utilization of resources in monocropped lands.

Keywords:

Alternate row and intra row, Intercropping LAI, LER, Vitormone,

PDF

___

Acikgoz, N., Akkas, M. E., Moghaddam, A. & Ozcan, K. (1994). Database dependent turkish statistical software for PC’s: TARIST (In Turkish). I. Congress of Field Crops, Izmir, Turkey. Vol. 1, 264-267pp.
Addo-Quaye, A.A., Darkwa, A.A. & Ocloo, K.G. (2011). Yield and productivity of component crops in a maize-soybean intercropping system as affected by time of planting and spatial arrangement. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 6(9): 50-57.
Dolijanvic Z., Kovacevic, D., Oljaca, S. & Simic, M. (2009). Types of interactions in intercropping of maize and soybean. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54(3): 179-187.
Gaikwad, A.L., Deokar, C.D., Shete, M.H. & Pawar, N.B. (2008). Studies on effect of phyllosphere diazotrophs on growth and yield of groundnut. Journal of Plant Disease Sciences 3(2): 182-184.
Ghosh, P.K. & Dayal, D. (1998). Effect of varying levels of nitrogen in three groundnutbased intercropping systems. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Food Security and Crop Sci., CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar 125(4): 133.
Golenberg, E.M. & West, W.N. (2013). Vitormoneal interactions and gene regulation can link monoecy and environmental plasticity to the evolution of dioecy in plants. American Journal of Botany 100(6): 1022–1037.
Hirpa, T (2013). Effect of interceding date on growth and yield of three legume crops intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Biological and Chemical Research 30(2): 652-673.
Ijoyah, M.O. & Fanen, T.F. (2012). Effects of different cropping pattern on performance of maize-soybean mixture in Makurdi, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Crop Science 1(2): 39-47.
Ijoyah, M.O., Ogar, A.O. & Ojo, G.O.S. (2013). Soybean-maize intercropping on yield and system productivity in Makurdi, Central Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Crop Science 2(4): 49-55. Kamara, A., Tofa, A., Ademulegun, T., Solomon, R., Shehu, H., Kamai, N. & Omoigui L. (2017). Maize–soybean intercroppıng for sustaınable intensification of cereal–legume cropping systems in Northern Nıgerıa. Experimental Agriculture 1-15.
Khan, A.M., Kawsar, A., Zahid, H. & Afridi, A.R. (2012). Impact of maize-legume intercropping on weeds and maize crop. Pakistan Journal Weed Science Research 18(1): 127-136.
Kim, J., Song, Y., Kim, D.W., Fiaz, M. & Kwon, C.H. (2018). Evaluating different interrow distance between corn and soybean for optimum growth, production and nutritive value of intercropped forages. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 60(1): 1.
Koushal, S. & Singh, P. (2011). Effect of integrated use of fertilizer, FYM and biofertilizer on growth and yield performance on soyabean (Glycine max L. Merill). Research Journal of Agricultural Science 43(3): 193-197.
Layek, J., Ramkrushna, G.I., Das, A., Ghosh, A., Krishnappa, R., Panwar, A.S., Azad Thakur, N.S., Ngachan, S.V., Zodape, S.T., Buragohain, J. & Mawlong, B. (2014). Seaweed sap as organic bio-stimulant for rice and maize production. Research Bulletin No.82.
Liu, X., Rahman, T., Song, C., Su, B., Yang, F., Yong, T. & Yang, W. (2017). Changes in light environment, morphology, growth and yield of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems. Field Crops Research 200:38-46.
Lv, Y., Francis, C., Wu, P., Chen, X. & Zhao, X. (2014). Maize–soybean intercropping interactions above and below ground. Crop Science 54(3): 914-922.Mandal, M.K., Banerjee, M., Banerjee, H., Pathak, A. & Das, R. (2014). Evaluation of cereal-legume intercropping systems through productivity and competition ability. Asian Journal of Science and Technology 5(3): 233-237.
Mohiuddin, M., Das, A.K. & Ghosh, D.C. (2000). Growth and productivity of wheat as influenced by integrated use of chemical fertilizer, biofertilizer and growth regulator. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 5(4): 334-338.
Nasri R, Kashani, A., Barary, M., Paknejad, F. & Vazan, S. (2014). Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and the productivity of wheat in double cropping system under different rates of nitrogen. International Journal of Biosciences 4(4): 184-193.
Ngalamu, T.N., Ashraf, M. & Meseka, S. (2013). Soybean (Glycine max L.) genotype and environment interaction effect on yield and other related traits. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3(4): 977-987.
Osang, P.O., Richard, B.I. & Iheadindueme, C.A. (2014). Influence of date of planting and time of introduction of maize on the agronomic performance of soybean-maize intercrop in Nigerian Southern-Guinea Savanna. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 4(3): 2224-3208
Osman, G.A., Elaziz, A.I.F. & Elhassa, A.G. (2010). Effects of bological and mineral fertilization on yield, chemical composition and physical characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivar Seleim. Pakisstan Journal of Nutrition, 9(7): 703-708. Ramteke, SDR D., Kanitkar, S., Raut, V.M. & Sawant, S.D. (2016). The potential of vitormone (Azotobocfer chroococcum) - Liquid biofertilizer, along with cppu on quality characters and yield of thompson seedless grapes. Pestology 40(8): 21-28
Salih, S.H., Hamid, M.A.S. & Dagash, I.M.Y. (2014). The seasonal impact on nodulation, growth and yield of soybean. Journal of Biological Pharmaceutical and Chemical Research 1(1): 218-222.
Subowo, Y.B., Sugiharto, A. & Widawati, S.D.S. (2010). The test of Kalbar biofertilizer potency for increasing soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Baluran productivity. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 25(1): 112-118.
Tahir, M.M., Abbasi, M.K., Rahim, N., Khaliq, A. & Kazmi, M.H. (2009). Effects of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid Hilly Region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(22): 6191-6200
Tsujimoto Y., Pedro, J.A., Boina, G., Murracama, M.V., Ito, O., Tobita, S., Oya, T., Cuambe, C.E. & Martinho, C. (2015). Performance of maize-soybean intercropping under various N application rates and soil moisture conditions in Northern Mozambique. Plant Production Science 18(3): 365-376.
Uddin, M., Hussain, S., Khan, A.M.M., Hashmi, N., Idrees, M., Naeem, M. & Dar, A.T. (2014). Use of N and P biofertilizers reduces inorganic phosphorus application and increases nutrient uptake, yield, and seed quality of chickpea. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 38(1): 47-54.
Undie, L.U., Uwah, F.D. & Attoe, E.E. (2012). Effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and productivity of late season maize/soybean mixtures in the humid environment of south Southern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science 4(4): 37-50.
Verdelli, D., Acciaresi, A.H. & Leguizamon, S.E. (2012). Corn and soybeans in a strip intercropping system: crop growth rates, radiation interception, and grain yield components. International Journal of Agronomy 2012: 1-17.
Yavas, I., & Unay, A. (2016a). Evaluation of physiological growth parameters of maize in maize-legume intercropping system. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 26(6): 1680-1687
Yavas, I., & Unay, A. (2016b). Effect of maize/legume intercropping on crop productiviy and soil compaction. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(2): 268-274.