Sıçrama Erozyonunun Farklı Kinetik Enerji Akısı ve Farklı Toprak Bünyesi Etkilesimleriyle Arastırılması

Yağışın etkisiyle toprak parçalanması, toprak kaybına neden olan süreçte önemli aşamalardan birisidir. Bu şekilde toprağın parçalanması, yağış ile toprak özelliklerine bağlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı farklı kinetik enerji akışı ve farklı toprak bünyelerinin sıçrama erozyonuna etkisini belirlemektir. Laboratuar koşullarında, beş farklı toprak bünyesinde kil, siltli kil, killi tın, tın ve kumlu killi tın , iki farklı kinetik enerjili yağışta [547.66 J m-2 h-1 ve 2223.52 J m-2 h-1] ve üç tekerrürlü olarak toplam otuz adet yapay yağmurlama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapay yağmurlama aletinin su yükü ve damla oluşturucu etkinliği artırılarak iki farklı kinetik enerjili yağış oluşturulmuştur. İstatiksel analizler kinetik enerji, bünye ve iki faktör arasındaki etkileşimin sıçrama ile toprak parçalanmalarını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Sıçrama erozyonu, kinetik enerjinin artmasıyla artmıştır. Düşük kinetik enerjili yağışta sıçrama parçalanmasının farklı bünyeli topraklara etkisi aynı olmuştur. Yüksek kinetik enerjili yağışta toprak bünyesine bağlı olarak sıçrama parçalanma miktarları ise farklılık göstermiştir. Yüksek kinetik enerjili yağışta sıçrama parçalanması en fazla kumlu killi tında olurken bunları killi tın, tın, siltli kil ve kil takip etmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sıçrama erozyonu, kinetik enerji akışı, toprak bünyesi, toprak parçalanması, yapay yağmurlama

Study on Splash Erosion with Interaction of Different Kinetic Energy Flux and Soil Texture

Soil detachment due to rainfall is one of the most important phases that cause soil loss, which depends on rainfall and soil characteristics. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of different kinetic energy flux and different soil textures on splash erosion. Five different soil textures clay, silt loam, clay loam, loam and sandy clay loam , and two kinetic energy flux 547.66 J m-2 h-1 and 2223.52 J m-2 h-1 were used to form 30 rainfall simulations with three replications under laboratory conditions. Kinetic energy fluxes were arranged by increasing the water head and drop former efficiency of rainfall simulator. Statistical analyses showed that kinetic energy, texture and their interactions significantly affected the splash detachment. Splash erosion increased with increasing kinetic energy. Effect of low kinetic energy on splash detachment was the same on different textured soils. However, the amount of splash detachment varied depending on the texture under high kinetic energy rainfall. The highest splash detachment under high kinetic energy rainfall was obtained in sandy clay loam soils followed by clay loam, loam, silty clay and clay

Keywords:

Splash erosion, kinetic energy flux, soil texture, soil detachment, rainfall simulation,

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