ABSTRACTIn the no-till method, seeds are placed in rows opened by furrow openers that can work under stubble field conditions, and are covered with soil and plant residue using covering components. Furrow openers and their properties are extremely effective in sowing seeds at certain depths and intra-row distances for various emergence and growth conditions. The performance of furrow openers depends on the sowing depth uniformity, the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and the percentage of seed emergence.The purpose of this study is to determine effects of no-till seeders with different furrow opener types, covering components and forward speeds on certain important physical properties of the soil, stubble and seed distribution, and seed emergence of winter wheat. Three different types of no-till seeders; disc (NS-1), narrow hoe (NS-2), and chisel type furrow openers (NS-3), two different types of covering components; chain and spring type, and two forward speeds; FS-1 (2.7 km h-1) and FS-2 (5.4 km h-1) were used to achieve the purpose of this study. The no-till seeder with a disc type furrow opener achieved better stubble distribution on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to no-till seeders with narrow hoe and chisel type openers. The best coverage rate of stubble on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence were obtained at a forward speed of 2.7 km h-1. While the spring type covering component increased the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to the chain type covering component, it decreased the mean emergence time.  

In the no-till method, seeds are placed in rows opened by furrow openers that can work under stubble field conditions, and are covered with soil and plant residue using covering components. Furrow openers and their properties are extremely effective in sowing seeds at certain depths and intra-row distances for various emergence and growth conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine effects of no-till seeders with different furrow opener types, covering components and forward speeds on certain important physical properties of the soil, stubble distribution, and seed emergence of winter wheat. Two different types of no-till seeders; disc (NS-1) and narrow hoe (NS-2), two different types of covering components; chain (CC) and spring type (SC), and two forward speeds; FS-1 (0.75 m s-1) and FS-2 (1.5 m s-1) were used to achieve the purpose of this study. The no-till seeder with a disc type furrow opener achieved better stubble distribution on the soil surface and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to no-till seeder with narrow hoe type openers. The best coverage rate of stubble on the soil surface and percentage of seed emergence were obtained at the forward speed of 0.75 m s-1. While the spring type covering component increased percentage of seed emergence in comparison to thechain type covering component, it decreased the mean emergence time.