Hikmet GÜNAL, Sabit ERŞAHİN, Buket UZ, Mesut BUDAK, Nurullah ACİR

Ön Muameleden Etkilenen Toprak Parçacık Büyüklük Dağılımı ve Katı Fraktal Boyutları

Toprak parçacık büyüklük dağılımı toprak oluş işlemleri ve ürünleri hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ön muamelenin parçacık büyüklük dağılımına ve buna karşılık gelen parçacıkların fraktal boyuna (Ds) etkisini belirlemektir. Farklı iklim ve toprak oluşum işlemleri altında bulunan ve parçacık büyüklük dağılımı, kalsiyum karbonat ve organik madde içerikleri değişken olan yirmi dokuz toprak örneği toplanmıştır. Ön muamelenin parçacık büyüklük dağılımına etkisini değerlendirmek için, dört farklı şekilde parçacık büyüklük dağılımı ve fraktal boyut değerleri elde edilmiştir. Uygulamalar 1)kontrol (muamele yapılmayan), 2) H2O2 ile organik maddenin uzaklaştırılması 3) kalsit’in (CaCO3) NaOAc ile uzaklaştırılması ve 4) organik madde ve kalsiyum karbonatın uzaklaştırılması şeklindedir. Örneklerin kil içeriği %12.5 ile %66.5, organik madde %0.05 ile %4.25 ve kalsiyum karbonat içeriği %5.57 ile %60.09 arasında değişmektedir. Organik madde uzaklaştırılmadan önce ve sonraki kil içeriği istatistiksel olarak önemli (P<0.05) iken bu fark silt ve kum içeriği için ve fraktal değerleri için önemli bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, kalsiyum karbonat uzaklaştırılan örneklerin fraktal değerleri ve kum içeriği muamele yapılmayan örneklere göre önemli düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur (sırası ile P<0.01 ve P<0.05). Kalsiyum karbonatın uzaklaştırılması muhtemelen kil fraksiyonu içinde görülen kil büyüklüğündeki kalsiyum karbonatın uzaklaştırmıştır. Bundan dolayı, en düşük ortalama fraktal değerleri (Dsc=2.8343 ve Dsoc=2.8336) kalsiyum karbonat uzaklaştırılması ile bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçları ön muamelelerin parçacık büyüklük dağılımını etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, hem H2O2 hem de NaOAc ile muamele edildiğinde kil, silt ve kum içeriklerindeki farklılık önemli olmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Organik madde, Kalsiyum karbonat, Ön muamele, Toprak tekstürü, Fraktal boyutu

Soil Particle Size Distribution and Solid Fractal Dimension as Influenced by Pretreatments

Soil particle-size distributions can provide valuable information on the processes and products of soil formation. The purpose of this study was to assess the pretreatment effect on the particle size distribution and corresponding fractal dimension of particle size (Ds). Twenty nine soil samples were collected from diverse climatic and pedogenic conditions with diverse particle size distributions, calcium carbonate and organic matter contents. To evaluate the effect of pretreatment on soil particle-size distribution, four different types of particle size distributions and fractal dimension values were obtained. Treatments included, 1) no pretreated, 2) organic matter removed with H2O2, 3) calcite (CaCO3) removed with NaOAc, and 4) organic matter and calcium carbonate removed. Clay content ranged from 12.5 to 66.5%, organic matter varied from 0.05 to 4.25%, and calcium carbonate content ranged from 5.57 to 60.09%. The difference in clay content before (42.36%) and after (44.61%) pretreatment of organic matter was significant (P<0.05) but the same pretreatment didn’t yield any significant differences in sand, silt and fractals. However, fractal and sand content obtained after calcium carbonate removal were significantly different from those of non-pretreated samples (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Dissolving calcium carbonate probably removed the clay sized calcium carbonate particles which were considered within the clay fraction. Therefore, the lowest mean fractal values (Dsc=2.8343 and Dsoc=2.8336) were obtained after calcium carbonate removal. The study results revealed that pretreatments affected the rates of particle size distributions. However, the differences in clay, silt, and sand contents obtained when pretreated together with H2O2 and NaOAc were not significantly different.

Keywords:

Organic matter, Calcium carbonate, Pretreatment, Soil texture, Fractal dimension,

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