Hüseyin KARLIDAĞ, Rafet ASLANTAŞ, Ahmet EŞİTKEN

MM106 Anacı Üzerine Aşılı Ara Anaç (M9) Uzunluğunun Bazı Elma Çeşitlerinde Yan Dal Oluşumu, Büyüme ve Verim Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada 2003-2010 yılları arasında, MM106 anacı üzerinde 15 ve 30 cm uzunluğundaki M9 ara anacının Golden Delicious ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerinde fidanın dallanması üzerine etkisi ile vegetatif büyüme ile toplam verim üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, ara anaç yüksekliğinin artması ile her iki çeşitte fidan ve ağaç gelişiminin önemli ölçüde azaldığını ancak yan dallanmanın arttığını göstermiştir. En uzun ağaç boyu Golden Delicious ve Granny Smith çeşitlerinin kontrol grubunda sırasıyla 176.5 - 186.5 cm olarak, en kısa ağaç boyu ise aynı çeşitlerde 30 cm’lik ara anaç yüksekliğinde sırasıyla 147.5 cm ve 162.6 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Kontrolde yan dal oluşumu meydana gelmezken, yan dal sayısı 30 cm’lik ara anaç yüksekliğinde 3.67 (Golden Delicious) ve 5.33 (Granny Smith) bulunmuştur. En yüksek toplam verim, 30 cm’lik ara anaç yüksekliğinden 21.77 kg ağaç-1 (Golden Delicious) ve 19.18 kg ağaç-1 (Granny Smith) elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, bodur M9 ara anacının özellikle sürdürülebilir ve organik elma yetiştiriciliği sistemlerinde büyümeyi azaltıcı, dallanma ve erken meyveye yatmayı ise teşvik etme potansiyelinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bodur Ara anaç, Dallanma, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Ağaç büyüklüğü, Verim

Effects of Interstock (M9) Length Grafted onto MM106 Rootstock on Sylleptic Shoot Formation, Growth and Yield in Some Apple Cultivars

In this study, branching effects of interstock lengths (15 and 30 cm) of M9 on MM106 rootstock were tested on Golden Delicious and Granny Smith cultivars. In addition, vegetative growth and cumulative yield were determined between 2003 and 2010. The results showed that increased interstock length significantly decreased sapling and tree growth but increased lateral branching in both cultivars. The tallest trees were in the control (176.5 and 186.5 cm) and the shortest trees were in the 30 cm interstock length (147.5 and 162.6 cm) in Golden Delicious and Granny Smith, respectively. The highest number of lateral shoot was obtained from 30 cm interstock length in Golden Delicious (3.67) and Granny Smith (5.33) while there was no lateral shoot formation in the control. The highest cumulative yield was obtained from 30 cm interstock length as 21.77 kg tree in Golden Delicious and 19.18 kg tree in Granny Smith. The results suggested that M9 as a interstock have the potential to induce growth reduction, branching and early fruit bearing especially in sustainable and organic fruit production systems in apple.

Keywords:

Dwarf interstock; Feathering; Golden Delicious; Granny Smith; Tree height; Yield,

PDF

___

Barrit B H (1992). Intensive Orchard Management Good Fruit Grower: a division of Washington State Fruit Commission 1005 Tietion Drive Yakima Washington
Bootsma J & Baart J (1990). Choice of half-produced trees is not right. Fruitteelt 80: 22-23
Di Vaio C, Cirillo C, Buccheri M & Limongelli F (2009). Effect of interstock (M.9 and M.27) on vegetative growth and yield of apple trees (cv ‘‘Annurca’’). Scientia Horticulture 119: 270-274
Dun E A, Ferguson B J & Beveridge C A (2006). Apical dominance and shoot branching divergent opinions or divergent mechanisms? Plant Physiology 142: 812-819
Faust M (1989). Physiology of Temperate Zone Fruit Trees. John Willey & Sons, New York, pp. 338
Hartmann H T, Kester D E & Davies F T (1990). Plant propagation, principles and practices. Prentise - Hall Englewood Cliffs
Hrotko K, Buban T & Magyar L (1996) Improved feathering on one- year- old ‘Idared’ apple trees in the nursery. HortScience 28: 29–34
Kviklys D (2004). Apple rootstock effect on the quality of planting material. Acta Horticulturae 658 (2): 641646
Kviklys D (2006). Induction of feathering of apple planting material. Agronomijas Vestis (Latvian Journal of Agronomy) 9: 58-63.
Leyser O (2003). Regulation of shoot branching by auxin. Trends in Plant Science 8; 541-545
Li H L, Zhang H, Yu C, Ma L, Wang Y, Zhang X Z & Han Z H (2012). Possible roles of auxin and zeatin for initiating the dwaring effect of M9 used as apple rootstock or interstock. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34: 235-244
Lord W J, Greene D W, Damon R A & Baker J H (1985). Effects of stem piece and rootstock combinations on growth, leaf mineral concentration, yield and fruit quality of Empire apple trees. Journal American Society For Horticultural Science 110(3): 422-425
Loreti F & Morini S (1986). Ricerche su alcune combinazioni d’innesto del melo a diverse densita` di piantagione Atti Convegno S.O.I. ‘‘La coltura del melo verso gli anni 90’’-Cordenons (PN) 18–20 dicembre, pp. 399–407
Marcon Filho J L, Kretzschmar A A, Rufato L, Cury da Silva L, Madeira F C, Ribeiro R S & Rufato A R (2010). Evaluation of the productive and vegetative aspects of the cultivar ‘Imperial Gala’ apple tree with EM-9 interstem in different lengths. Acta Horticulturae 872: 375-378
Miller S S & Toworkovski T (2003). Regulating vegetative growth in deciduous fruit trees. PGRSA Quarterly 31: 8Ongaro V & Leyser O (2008). Hormonal control of shoot branching. Journal of Experimental Botany 59: 67–74 Parry M S (1986). The effects of budding height on the field performance of two apple cultivars on three rootstocks. Joural of Horticultural Science 61: 1-7
Richards D, Thompson W K & Pharis R P (1986). The influence of dwarfing interstocks on the distribution and metabolism of xylem-applied [ 3 H] gibberellin A 4 in apple. Plant Physiology 82: 1090-1095
Rozpara E, Grzyb Z S & Olszewski T (1990). The mineral content in leaves of two sweet cherry cvs. with interstem. Acta Horticulturae 274: 405-412
Sachs T & Thimann K V (1967). The role of auxins and cytokinins in the release of buds from dominance. Nature 201: 939-940
Samad A, Mcneil D L & Kham Z U (1999). Effect of interstock bridge grafting (M9 dwarfing rootstock and same cultivar cutting) on vegetative growth, reproductive growth and carbohydrate composition of mature apple trees. Scientia Horticulture 79: 23–38
Shimizu-Sato S, Tanaka M & Mori H (2009). Auxin– cytokinin interactions in the control of shoot branching. Plant Molecular Biolgy 69: 429-435
SPSS Inc. 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc
Vercammen J, Van Daele G & Goman A (2007). Can fruit size and colouring of Jonagold be improved by an interstock? Acta Horticulturae 732: 165–170
Webster A D (1995). Rootstock and interstock effects on deciduous fruit tree vigour, precocity and yield productivity. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 23: 373–382
Wertheim S J & Webster A D (2005). Rootstocks and interstems. In: Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit Production (Tromp J, Webster AD, Wertheim SJ, eds) Backhuys Publishers Nl 156-175
Wickson M & Thimann K V (1958). The antagonism of auxin and kinetin in apical dominance. Physiologia Plantarum 11: 62-74
Yıldırım F A & Kankaya A (2004). The spontaneous growth and lateral branch habit of new apple cultivars in nursery. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology 6: 492-49