Kırmızı-Alaca Sığırların Süt Verimi ve Ön Süt Bileşenleri Üzerine Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Bazı Çevresel Faktörlerin Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz iklim koşullarının egemen olduğu Aydın’da yetiştirilen Kırmızı-Alaca sığırların süt verimi ve ön süt bileşenleri üzerine somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) ve bazı çevresel faktörlerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. 2009-2012 yılları arasında yılda iki kez (kışın ve yazın) 129 baş inekten sabah ve akşam sağımlarında alınan toplam 891 ön süt örneğinde protein oranı (PO), laktoz oranı (LO) ve yağsız kuru madde oranı (YKMO) ile SHS belirlenmiştir. İstatistik analiz öncesinde SHS verileri 6 gruba (750,000 hücre mL-1) ayrılmıştır. Kış ve yaz mevsimleri için denetim zamanı süt verimi (DZSV), PO, LO, YKMO ve Log10SHS en küçük kareler ortalamaları sırasıyla 11.27±0.253 kg ve 10.59±0.226 kg (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Somatik hücre sayısı, Protein oranı, Laktoz oranı, Süt verim kaybı

Effects of Somatic Cell Count and Various Environmental Factors on

In this study, the effects of somatic cell count (SCC) and various environmental factors on milk yield and foremilk constituents in Red-Holstein (RH) cows raised under Mediterranean climatic conditions in Aydın Province in Turkey were determined. A total of 891 foremilk samples collected from 129 cows during morning and evening milkings in winter and summer seasons between 2009 and 2012 were analysed for protein content (PC), lactose content (LC), nonfat dry matter content (NFDMC), and SCC. SCC data were split into 6 groups (<100,000 cells mL-1; 100,000-199,999 cells mL-1; 200,000-299,999 cells mL-1; 300,000-399,999 cells mL-1; 400,000-750,000 cells mL-1; and >750,000 cells mL-1) before statistical analysis. LS MEANS of sampling time milk yield (STMY), PC, LC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC for winter and summer seasons were 11.27±0.253 kg and 10.59±0.226 kg (P<0.05), 3.24±0.024% and 3.04±0.021% (P<0.01), 4.44±0.028% and 4.48±0.025% (P>0.05), 8.68±0.045% and 8.50±0.040% (P<0.01), and 5.051±0.0508 (112,461 cells mL-1) and 4.914±0.0428 (82,035 cells mL-1) (P<0.05), respectively. Compared to the first SCC group, STMY, LC, and NFDMC decreased to 1.1 kg (9.4%), 6.4%, and 3.8% in the fifth group and 1.49 kg (12.7%), 11.3%, and 6.3% in the sixth group, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, LC could be used as a mastitis marker due to a distinct decrease in LC as SCC increases. Additionally, due to significant reductions in the STMY, PC, and NFDMC in the summer season, some precautions are required to prevent possible heat stress in this herd and the herds managed in the regions with hot summer months.

Keywords:

Somatic cell count; Protein content; Lactose content; Milk yield loss,

PDF

___

Ahn B S, Baek K S, Park S J & Lee H J (2005). The effects of various factors on milk yield and variation in milk yield between milking, milk components, milking duration and milking flow rate in Holstein dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 47(6): 919-24
Atasever S & Erdem H (2009). Estimation of milk yield and financial losses related to somatic cell count in Holstein cows raised in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(8): 1491-1494
Barlowska J, Litwinczuk Z, Wolanciuk A & Brodziak A (2009). Relationship of somatic cell count to daily yield and technological usefulness of milk from different breeds of cows. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12(1): 75-79
Berry D P, Bermingham M L, Good M & More S J (2011). Genetics of animal health and disease in cattle. Irish Veterinary Journal 64(1): art. no: 5. doi: 10.1186/2046-0481-64-5
Boichard D & Brochard M (2012). New phenotypes for new breeding goals in dairy cattle. Animal 6(4): 544- 50
Erdem H, Atasever S & Kul E (2007). Some environmental factors affecting somatic cell count of Holstein cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research 32(2): 173-176
Erdem H, Atasever S & Kul E (2010). Determination of milk production characteristics and milk losses related to somatic cell count in Jersey cows raised in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5(3): 217-222
Forsbäck L (2010). Bovine Udder Quarter Milk in Relation to Somatic Cell Count, Focus on Milk Composition and Processing Properties. PhD Thesis (Unpublished), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Uppsala
Gernand E, Rehbein P, von Borstel U U & Konig S (2012). Incidences of and genetic parameters for mastitis, claw disorders, and common health traits recorded in dairy cattle contract herds. Journal of Dairy Sciences 95(4): 2144-2156
Haas Y De (2003). Somatic cell count pattern, improvement of udder health by genetic and management. PhD Thesis (Unpublished) Animal Breeding and Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen
Hagnestam-Nielsen C, Emanuelson U, Berglund B & Strandberg E (2009). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk yield in different stages of lactation. Journal of Dairy Sciences 92(7): 3124-3133
Juozaitiene V, Juozaitis A & Micikeviciene R (2006). Relationship between somatic cell count and milk production or morphological traits of udder in Black- and-White cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 30: 47-51
Koeck A, Miglior F, Kelton D F & Schenkel F S (2012). Alternative somatic cell count traits to improve mastitis resistance in Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Sciences 95(1): 432-439
Koç A (2008). A study of somatic cell count in the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows managed in Mediterranean climatic conditions. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 32(1): 13-18
Koç A (2009). Some factor influencing milk somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Brown-Swiss cows under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Archive fur Tierzucht 52(2): 124-133
Koç A (2011). A study of the reproductive performance, milk yield, milk constituents, and somatic cell count of Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 35(5): 295-302
Koç A (2012). Short communication, Effects of some environmental factors and extended calving interval on milk yield of Red Holstein cows. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 10(3): 717-721
Litwinczuk Z, Krol J, Brodziak A & Barlowska J (2011). Changes of protein content and its fractions in bovine milk from different breeds subject to somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Sciences 94(2): 684-691
Marai I F M & Habeeb A A M (2010). Buffaloes’ reproductive and productive traits as affected by heat stress. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 12: 193-217
Rupp R & Boichard D (2003). Genetics of resistance to mastitis in dairy cattle. Veterinary Research 34: 671- 688
Silanikove N (1992). Effects of water scarcity and hot environment on appetite and digestion in ruminants: A review. Livestock Production Science 30: 175-194.
Skrzypek R, Wojtowski J & Fahr R D (2004). Factors affecting somatic cell count in cow bulk tank milk - a case study from Poland. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 51: 127-131