Dorota GAWĘDA, Małgorzata HALINIARZ, Rafał CİERPİAŁAA, Irena KLUSEKA

Farklı Toprak İşleme Sistemlerinin Soya Fasulyesinde Glycine max L. Merr. Verim, Tohum Kalitesi ve Yabancı Ot Oranına Etkisi

Soya fasulyesi önemli bir bitkidir ve dünyada ve Polonya’da ekiliş alanı artmaktadır. Soya fasulyesi yetiştiriciliğinin etkinliği toprak ve iklim faktörlerinin yanında uygun toprak işlemesine de bağlıdır. Soya fasulyesi yetiştiriciliğinde pullukla devirerek toprak işlemeye alternative bir yöntem de güncelliği giderek artan toprak işlemesiz soya fasulyesi yetiştiricilğidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı geleneksel toprak işleme CT ile toprak işlemesiz NT soya fasulyesi yetiştiriciliğinin Lublin, Polonya koşullarında verim, kalitatif tohum kalitesi ve yabancı ot oranına etkisini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 2009-2012 yıllarında Czeslawice Araştırma Çiftliğinde 51° 18′ 23″ N, 22° 16′ 2″ E bir tarla denemesi yürütülmüştür. Deneme, lös oluşumlu grikahverengi podzol toprak üzerinde 4 tekerrürlü olarak bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; geleneksel toprak işleme CT ve toprak işlemesiz NT toprak işleme faktörleri olarak ele alınmıştır. Soya fasulyesinin Nawiko çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar; soya fasulyesi tohum veriminin toprak işlemesiz NT yetiştiriciliğe göre geleneksel toprak işlemeli CT yöntemde % 24.3 daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir. Toprak işlemesiz yöntemde bitki sıklığının az olması tohum veriminin az olmasında temel etken olmuştur. Geleneksel toprak işlemeye CT oranla, toprak işlemesiz NT yöntemde ağırlık ve sayı olarak yabancı ot önemli derecede yüksek olmuştur. Toprak işlemesiz yöntemde CT hasat edilen tohumların yağ içeriği % 0.3 daha yüksek olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Glycine max, Geleneksel toprak işleme, Toprak işlemesiz

Yield, Weed Infestation and Seed Quality of Soybean Glycine max L. Merr. under Different Tillage Systems

Soybean is a very valuable crop plant and the soybean crop area is continually increasing in the world and in Poland. The effectiveness of soybean cultivation depends on soil and climatic conditions as well as on appropriate tillage. An alternative for plough tillage in the cultivation of soybean is to grow this crop using no-tillage, the popularity of which is constantly growing. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional tillage CT and no-tillage NT on yield, weed infestation and qualitative seed composition of soybean grown under the conditions of the Lublin Upland. A field study was carried out over the period 2009-2012 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm 51° 18′ 23″ N, 22° 16′ 2″ E . The experiment was set up on loess-derived grey-brown podzolic soil as a split-block design in four replicates. The experimental factors were the following tillage systems: conventional tillage CT and no-tillage NT . The soybean cultivar Nawiko was grown in the experiment. The present study showed that the soybean seed yield obtained under CT was higher by 24.3% than under NT. The main reason of the seeds yield decrease in the NT was less soybean plant density. The significant higher number and weight of weeds were recorded in NT, relative to CT. The oil content in seed harvested from the NT plots was found to be higher by 0.3%

Keywords:

Glycine max, Conventional system, No-tillage,

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