Çin’in Hızlı Bir Ekonomik Gelişim Alanı Olan Guangdong’da Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişimleri ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri

Çin’in ekonomik gelişim ve kentleşme bakımından öncü bölgelerinden Guangdong’da, ekonomik gelişim ve nüfus artışına bağlı olarak arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü hızla değişmektedir. Bölgede alan kullanım tiplerini ve arazi değişimlerini tespit edebilmek için 500 metre çözünürlükte Orta Çözünürlüklü Spektroradyometre Görüntüleme Sistemi MODIS L1B görüntüleri üzerinden destek vektör makineleri SVM algoritması kullanılarak 2001-2010 yıllarına ait alan kullanım haritaları elde edilmiştir. Harita analizleri sonucunda 2001-2010 yılları arasında kentsel alanların 4186 km2 ve meyveliklerin 3615.5 km2 artış gösterdiği, tarım alanlarının % 11.46 oranından% 10.14’e gerilediği görülmüştür. Bölgede hızlı kentleşmeye bağlı olarak tarım arazilerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Boş arazilerin kentsel alana dönüşmesi yanında tarım alanları ile boş alanların yer değiştirmesi bölgede en çok görülen değişimlerdir. Bu değişimler özellikle 2007 ve 2010 yılları arasında % 5.13 ve % -19.33 değişim oranlarında görülmüştür. Bölgede alan kullanım değişimlerini etkileyen çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik faktörler belirlenmiştir. Gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla ve sabit gelirin değişimi, perakende malların tüketimi ile çağdaş servis endüstrilerinin artışı ve yaygınlaşması sonucunda oluşan göçlerle endüstriyel yapı yaygınlaşmış; dolayısıyla kentler hızla büyüyerek tarım arazileri yok edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arazi kullanımı/örtüsü değişimı: MODIS, Değişim belirleme, Kentleşme, Ekonomik gelişim

Land Use/Cover Change from 2001 to 2010 and its Socioeconomic Determinants in Guangdong Province, A Rapid Urbanization Area of China

Rapid economic and population growth exert profound effects on land use/cover change, especially in rapid economically developing areas, such as Guangdong Province-a pioneer of economic growth and urbanization in China. To elucidate the changes and mutual conversions of land-use types and their determinants in Guangdong Province, land-use maps of Guangdong Province from 2001 to 2010 were obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS L1B images with 500 m resolution by using the supervised classification combined support vector machine SVM algorithm with a decision tree. The results indicate that during the studied time period, the area of urban land and orchards increased by 4186 km2 and 3615.5 km2, respectively, while the percentage of cropland decreased from 11.46% to 10.14%. Massive urbanization and cropland loss have occurred in the region. The conversion from wasteland to urban land, and the mutual transformation between wasteland and cropland were the most prevalent in Guangdong Province. This was especially obvious from 2007 to 2010, with an annual changing rate of 5.13% and -19.33%, respectively. Several socio-economic factors were also obtained to investigate their impacts on land-use changes in Guangdong Province. It is shown that marked increases in gross domestic product GDP , total investment in fixed assets, total retail sales of consumer goods, and the increasing development of modern service industries have led to large-scale migration, and industrial structure adjustment and improvement; consequently dramatically rapid expansion of cities and cropland loss have occurred

Keywords:

Land use/cover change MODIS, Change detection, Urbanization, Economic development,

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