Aflatoksinli Kuru İncirlerin Gerçek Zamanlı Tespiti ve Ayrılması İçin UV Görüntüleme Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi

Tarımsal ürünlere aflatoksin bulaşmasından kaynaklanan hastalık riskleri ve ekonomik kayıplar önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada; gerçek zamanlı aflatoksinli kuru incirin tespiti ve ayrılması için bir prototip sistem geliştirilmiş ve denenmiştir. Karanlık bir odada bulunan sistemin temel parçaları; 365 nm dalga boyuna sahip UV ışık kaynakları, CCD kameralar, optik sensörler, görüntü işleme ve otomasyon yazılımları, kuru incirleri üzerinde taşıyan bantlar ile otomatik denetimli ayırma üniteleri şeklindedir. Sürecin algılama bölümünde; kuru incirlerin ışık yansıtma etkinliğini arttırmak için, her bir taşıyıcı bant sisteminde alüminyum bir çatı üzerine yerleştirilmiş dört adet UV siyah ışık lamba bulunmaktadır. İki kameradan oluşan görüntüleme düzeneği; yüksek çözünürlüklü ve düşük bulanıklığa sahip iki adet 9 mm lens ve iki adet CCD renkli algılayıcıdan oluşmaktadır. 8.12 ms’lik pozlama süresine sahip olan görüntüleme sistemi; görüntüleri, hareket halindeki kuru incir örneklerinden 0.18 m s-1 birinci bant ve 0.06 m s-1 ikinci bant hızlarında alabilmektedir. Kuru incirlerin her iki yüzeyini de tarayabilmek için, sistemde iki adet kamera kullanılmıştır. Aflatoksinli incirler; otomatik bir ayırma sistemi kullanılarak, pnömatik olarak ayrılmıştır. Prototip sistem, 400 adet kuru incir kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Prototip sistem, aflatoksinli kuru incirlerin saptanmasında ve ayrılmasında % 98 başarı oranına ulaşmıştır. Sistemin çevirme etkinliği % 82, saatlik makine kapasitesi ise 34.56 kg h-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, toplam sistem etkinliği % 80.36 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Böylece sistem, aflatoksinli kuru incirlerin gerçek zamanlı tespiti ve ayrılması için etkili ve uygun bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aflatoksin tespiti, Kuru incir, UV yansıtma, Gerçek zamanlı görüntü işleme

Development of a UV-based Imaging System for Real-Time Detection and Separation of Dried Figs Contaminated with Aflatoxins

The risks of diseases and economical losses resulting from aflatoxin contamination to the agricultural products are a significant problem. In this study, a prototype system for real-time detection and separation of dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins was developed and tested. The main components of the system are 365 nm wavelength UV light sources, CCD cameras, optical sensors, image processing and automation software, belt conveyors that carry dried figs, and automatic separation units in a dark room. Four UV black-light lamps were installed on the aluminum roof of both the belt conveyor systems, to enhance the effectiveness of reflective illumination of the dried figs in the detection leg of the process. The monitoring set up consisted of two cameras with high resolution and low distortion 9 mm lenses, and two CCD color sensors. The imaging system, which had an exposure time of 8.12 ms, could capture images of dried fig samples moving on the belt at speeds of 0.18 m s and 0.06 m s for belt 1 and belt 2, respectively. The system uses two cameras, as both sides of the dried figs were required to be scanned. Figs contaminated with aflatoxins can be separated pneumatically, by an automatic separation system. The prototype system was tested by using 400 dried figs. The prototype system achieved a 98% success rate in the detection and separation of the dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins. Turnover efficiency and hourly machine capacity of the system were calculated as 82% and 34.56 kg/h, respectively. Additionally, total system efficiency was calculated as 80.36%. Thus, the system was found effective and convenient for real-time detection and separation of the dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins.

Keywords:

Aflatoxin detection; Dried fig; UV reflection; Real-time image processing,

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