Hitit kaynaklarına göre Mezopotamya inanç sisteminin Hurri mitoloji anlayışına etkisi

Hurriler, M.Ö. III. binyılda, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde tarım ve hayvancılığa dayalı hayata sahip bir halk olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Yüzyıllar içinde, Hurri toplumu Zağros Dağları’ndan Akdeniz’e kadar uzanan “Verimli Hilal”in kuzeyi boyunca yayılmış; Mezopotamya ve Anadolu arasındaki geçiş coğrafyası üzerine yerleşmiştir. Anadolu’nun güneydoğusu ve Kuzey Suriye’de yaklaşık iki bin yıl etnik yapının hakim kısmını oluşturan Hurri toplumu, Mezopotamya ve Anadolu arasındaki ticaret yolları üzerinde yer aldığından dini ve kültürel olarak; hem kendileri komşu toplumlardan etkilenmiş hem de komşu toplumları etkilemişlerdir. Hitit kültür ve inanışı üzerine yaptıkları derin etkiye bakıldığında, oldukça gelişmiş bir medeniyet anlayışına sahip olmaları beklenen Hurriler hakkında Hitit çivi yazılı belgelerden bilgi alınabilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Hurri inanç sisteminin oluşum ve gelişiminin ipuçlarını bulduğumuz mitolojik anlatımların, Mezopotamya efsaneleriyle olan ortak yönlerini ortaya koyarak, bu mitosların Hitit kaynaklarında kendilerine nasıl yer bulduğunu açıkladık. Çalışmamızda “Kaneš Kraliçesi ve Otuz Çocuğun Hikayesi”, “Gökteki Krallık Efsanesi”, “Ullikummi Şarkısı”, “Appu ve İki Oğlunun Masalı”, “Avcı Kešši Masalı”, “Gurparanzah’ın Masalları” gibi mitosların Mezopotamya inanışları ile olan bağlantılarını ortaya koyarak Hurri inanç sistemine olan etkilerini ortaya koymaya gayret gösterdik

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anadolu, Hitit, Hurri, Teşup, Hurri Mitolojisi

According to Hittite Texts, Effects of Mesopotamian Belief System’s on Hurrian Mythological Conception

During the third millennium B.C., Hurrians appeared in the eastern region of Anatolia as a community with a life based on agriculture and animal husbandry. Over the centuries, Hurrian community had spread throughout the North of “fertile crescent” ranging from Zagros Mountains to Mediterranean and had been located on the transition geography between Mesopotamia and Anatolia. Forming the dominant part of the ethnicity in the Southeastern Anatolia and in the North of Syria around two thousand years, Hurrian community had taken place on the trade routes between Mesopotamia and Anatolia and this situation had affected both neighboring communities and themselves religiously and culturally. When it is looked at the deep effect that they made on the Hittite culture and beliefs, it can be only gained information from the Hittite cuneiforms about Hurrians who were expected to have a highly developed civilization conception. In this study, we explained this myths that has found place in Hittite sources as the mythological narratives which we found the clues of development and formation of Hurrian believe system by putting the common parts with Mesopotamian myth and Hurrian myth. In our study, we tried to describe the effect of myths as “The Thirty Sons of The Queen of Kanes”, “The Legend of the Sky Kingdom”, “The Songs of Ullikummi”, “The Tale of Appu and His Two Sons”, “The Tale of Hunter Kessi”, “Story of Gurparanzah” on Hurrian belief system by putting their connection with the Mesopotamian belief

Keywords:

Anatolia, Hittite, Hurrian, Teshup, Hurrian Mythology.,

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