ELEŞTİREL ÇOKKÜLTÜRLÜ EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMEN YETERLİKLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ (EÇEÖYÖ): BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eleştirel kuram, eleştirel ırk kuramı ve eleştirel çokkültürlü eğitim kuramının varsayımları temele alınarak, öğretmen yeterliklerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bunun için öncelikle, literatürdeki bilgi birikimine dayanılarak, tümden gelim yöntemiyle, her biri dört alt boyuttan oluşan, üç boyutlu bir model oluşturulmuştur. Bu model doğrultusunda 56 maddeden oluşan deneysel form uzman görüşüne sunulmuştur. Uzmanlardan alınan cevaplar doğrultusunda maddelerin kapsam geçerlik oranları belirlenmiş ve kapsam geçerlik oranı .80’in altında değer alan maddeler çalışma kapsamından çıkarılmıştır. 45 maddeden oluşan pilot uygulama formu, 2015-2016 öğretim yılında, okul öncesi, ilk ve orta öğretim alanlarında görev yapan öğretmenlere uygulanmış ve toplam 421 öğretmenden elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizleriyle (AFA) “Farkındalık”, “Tutum”, “Bilgi” ve “Beceri” olmak üzere dört alt boyut (yeterlik bileşenleri) ve toplam 42 maddeden oluşan bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Analizlerde ölçeğin alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmış ve faktörlerin birbirleriyle olumlu ve anlamlı ilişki içinde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durumda ölçeğin modeli desteklediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

___

  • ACAR-ÇİFTÇİ, Y. ve GÜROL, M. (2015). A Conceptual Framework Regarding the Multicultural Education Competencies of Teachers. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 30(1), 1-14 APPLE, M. ve KING, N. (1983). What do schools teach? H. Giroux ve D. Purpel (Yay.Haz.). The hidden curriculum and moral education. içinde (s.82-99). Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Corporation. BANKS, C.A. ve BANKS, J.A. (1995). Equity pedagogy: An essential component of multicultural education. Theory into Practice, 34(3), 152-158. BANKS, J. A. (2004). Multicultural education: Historical development, dimensions, and practice. J.A. Banks, (Yay.Haz.) Handbook of research on multicultural education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 3-30. BARTON, A. C. (2000). Crafting multicultural science education with preservice teachers through service-learning. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 32(6), 797-820. BAŞBAY, A. ve KAĞNICI, Y. (2011). Çokkültürlü Yeterlik Algıları Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim. 36.(161), 199-212. BROWN, M., R. (2007). Educating All Students: Creating Culturally Responsive Teachers, Classrooms, and Schools http://csuprofessionaldevelopment.com/images /pdfs/ EducatingAllStudents.pdf. [16.08. 2013]. BROWN, C. ve MARCHANT, C. (2002). Play in practice: Case studies in young children’s play. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press BROOKS, R. (2015). The Impact of Teachers: A Story of Indelible Memories and Self-Esteem http://www.ldonline.org/article/6155/ 18. Aralık.2015. BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, Ş. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı (7. bs). Ankara: Pegem. CHISHOLM, I., M. (1994). Preparing Teachers for Multicultural Classrooms. The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, c.14: 43-68. CONWAY, P.F., MURPHY, R., RATH, A. & HALL, K. (2009). Learning to Teach and its Implications for the Continuum of Teacher Education: A Nine-Country Cross-National Study. Report Commissioned by the Teaching Council. University College Cork and Teaching Council of Ireland. DAVIS, KATHRYN A. (1995) Multicultural classrooms and cultural communities of teachers.Teaching and Teacher Education. c.11. s. 6: 553–563. DEAKIN CRICK, R. (2008). Pedagogy for citizenship. In F. Oser & W. Veugelers (Eds.), Getting involved: Global citizenship development and sources of moral values (31-55). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. D'ANDREA, M., DANIELS J., & NOONAN, M. (2003). New developments in the assessment of multicultural competence: The multicultural awareness knowledge-skills survey-teachers form. In D. B. Pope-Davis, Ed., Multicultural competencies in counseling and psychology (pp.154-167). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc DELPIT, L. (2006). Other people’s children: Cultural conflict in the classroom (2.bs.). New York: New Press. DUVAL, S. ve WICKLUND, R. A. (!972). A theory of objective self- awareness. New York: Academic Press. EUROPEAN COMMISSION(EC). (2013). Supporting teacher competence development for better learning outcomes http://ec.europa.eu/education/policy/school/doc/teachercomp_en.pdf. 18. Aralık 2015. GAY, G. (2004). Curriculum theory and multicultural education. In J. A. Banks, C. A. M. Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc. s. 30-48 GELLER, V. ve SHAVER, P. (1976). Cognitive Consequences of Self-Awareness. Article in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. (12), 99-108. GERIN-LAJOIE, D. (2008). Educators’ Discourses on Student Diversity in Canada : Context, Policy and Practice. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’Press. GHOSH, R. (2002). Redefining multicultural Education” (2nd ed.). Scarborough: NelsonThomson Learning. GIROUX, H. A. (1983). Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the opposition. Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey. 21-22 GRANT, C. & LADSON-BILLINGS, G.J. [eds.] (1997). Dictionary of multicultural education. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx GRIFFITHS, M. (2013). Critical Approaches in Qualitative Educational Research: The Relation of Some Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to These Issues. http://www.strath.ac.uk/aer/materials/1educationalresearchandenquiry/unit4/theoreticalapproaches/ 17. Kasım.2015. GORSKI, P. C. (2010). The Challenge of Defining Multicultural Education. http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/initial.html 17. Kasım. 2015. GUYTON, E. & WESCHE, M. V. (2005). The Multicultural Efficacy Scale: Development, Item Selection, and Reliability. Multicultural Perspectives, v7 n4 p21-29 Oct 2005 HINKIN, T. R. (1995). A Review of Scale Development Practices in the Study of Organizations. Journal of Management. 1995, Vol. 21, No. 5, 967-988 HIRALDO, P. (2010). “The Role of Critical Race Theory in Higher Education” The Vermont Connection. Vol. 31. JONES, J., M. (1997). Prejudice and racism. 2.bs. New York: McGraw-Hill. JÖRESKOG, K. G., SORBOM, D. (1979). Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models. New York: University Press of America. KALAYCI, Ş. (2006). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (2. bs). Ankara: Asil. KELLNER, (2003). Toward a Critical Theory of Education. Democracy & Nature. Volume 9, Issue 1, pages 51-64 DOI:10.1080/1085566032000074940 KINCHELOE, JOE, L. ve STEINBERG, SHIRLEY, R. (1997). Changing Multiculturalism Changing Education Series, Buckingham, Open University Press LABAREE, D., F. (1997). Public Goods, Private Goods: The American Struggle over Educational Goals American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 34, No. 1. (Spring, 1997), pp. 39-81. LADSON-BILLING, G. (1994). What we can learn from multicultural education research. Educational Leadership. (51)8, 22-26. LADSON-BILLING, G. (1998). Just what is critical race theory, and what's it doing in a nice field like education? http://iweb.tntech.edu/jcbaker/6980%20ladson-billings%201998.pdf. September 15, 2013. LADSON-BILLING, G & TATE, W., F. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record, 97, 47-68. MARSHALL, P. L. (1996). Multicultural teaching concern: New dimensions in the area of teacher concerns research? Journal of Educational Research, (1996). 89(6), 371-379. doi: 10.1080/00220671.1996.9941341 MAY, S. & SLEETER, C. E. (2010).Critical Multiculturalsim Theory and Praxis.” New York, NY: Routeledge. MCLAREN, P. (2003). Life in schools: an introduction to critical pedagogy in the foundations of education. London: Longman. NEVILLE, H. A.; LILLY, R. L.; DURAN, G.; LEE, RICHARD M.; BROWNE, LAVONNE.(2000). Construction and initial validation of the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 47(1), Jan 2000, 59-70. OECD.(2012). Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools, OEC Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264130852-en September 15, 2013. PETERS, M., LANKSHEAR, C., & OLSSEN, M. (2003). Critical Theory and the Human Condition: Founders and Praxis. Series: Counterpoints: Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education, Vol. 168. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, PRIETO, L. R. (2012). Initial Factor Analysis and Cross-Validation of the Multicultural Teaching Competencies Inventory. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, v5 n1 p50-62 Mar 2012 PONTEROTTO, J. G.; GREIG, B. S. TAMASINE, R. L. (1998). Development and Initial Score Validation of the Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey. Educational and Psychological Measurement, v58 n6 p1002-16 Dec 1998 REIFF, J. C., & CANELLA, G. (1992). Multicultural Beliefs and Conceptual Level of Early Childhood Preservice Teachers. The Annual Meeting of the Association of Teacher Educators, Orlando, FL: The Association of Teacher Educators ROGOFF, B. ve MORELLI, G. (1989). Perspectives on children's development from cultural psychology. American Psychologist, 44(2). SILVIA, P. J. ve DUVAL, T. S. (2001). Objective self-awareness theory: Recent progress and enduring problems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (5), 230-241. SILVERMAN, S. (2009). What is Diversity? An Inquiry into Preservice Teacher Beliefs. American Educational Research Journal SIA , 1-54. SLEETER, C. E. ve GRANT, C. A. (1987). An Analysis of Multicultural Education in the United States. Harvard Educational Review. (57)4, 421-445.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.4.v810xr0v3224x316 SOLORZANO, D., CEJA, M., ve YOSSO T. (2000). Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate: The Experiences of African American College Students. The Journal of Negro Education, 69(1), 60-73. SPANIERMAN, L., B. (2011). The Multicultural Teaching Competency Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Urban Education May 2011 vol. 46 no. 3 440-464 SPARKS, W., G. (1994). Culturally responsive pedagogy: A framework for addressing multicultural issues. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, c.65. s.9: 33–37.SUE, D. W. (2002). Multidimensional Facets of Cultural Competence The Counseling Psychologist. (29)6, 790-821. STOICOVY, C. (2002). A Case for Culturally Responsive Pedagogy International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education. c. 11, s1: 80-84. STURM, SUSAN ve GUINIER, LANI. (1996). The Future of Affirmative Action:Reclaiming the Innovative Deal, 1996. c. 84. s.4. http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol84/iss4/3.21.12.2013. SWADENER, B. B.( 2008). Supporting identities through parenting programmes, In Developing Positive İdentities. Diversity and Young Children. 2008. p.22. TABACHNICK, B. G. & FIDELL, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th Ed). Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon TAVŞANCIL, E. (2006). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi, .Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. TETREAULT, M.K. (1993). Classrooms for diversity: Rethinking curriculum and pedagogy. In J.A. Banks and C.A.M. Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 129- 148). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. TIERNEY, W. G. (1994). On method and hope. In A. Gitlin (Ed.), Power and Method: Political Activism and Educational Research. New York: Routledge. 97-115. TRIPATHI, A. K. (2008). Dimension of Philosophy of Technolgies: Critical Theory and Democratization of Technologies, Ubiquity, c.2008.s. June, Article No. 3. VAN DER ZEE, K.I., & VAN OUDENHOVEN, J. P. (2001). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity of Self and Other Ratings of Multicultural Effectiveness. Journal of Research in Personality,35, 278-288. VILLEGAS, A. M. ve LUCAS, T. (2002). Preparing culturally responsive teachers: Rethinking the curriculum. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(1), 20-32. YAVUZ, G. ve ANIL, D. International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications11-13 November, 2010 Antalya-Turkey YURDUGÜL, H. (2005). Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Kapsam Geçerliği için Kapsam Geçerlik İndekslerinin Kullanılması. XIV. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi. 28–30 Eylül 2005. Denizli.