Twelve sites along the Totkabon River, north of Iran were sampled to study the relationship between fish assemblage and habitat variables, including elevation, water depth, river width, river slope, current velocity, number of large stone, average stone diameter, substrate index, potamal cover index and periphyton cover index. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine the relationship between fish assemblage and habitat variables. The results indicated that presence-absence and abundance of Alburnoides samiii were related to elevation, depth, number of large stone, stone diameter and velocity; presence-absence and abundance of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus, Cobitis keyvani, Barbus cyri, and Ponticola iranicus were related to number of large stone, stone diameter, velocity, elevation, and depth; and presence-absence and abundance Acanthobrama microlepis, Carassius auratus, and Pseurasbora parva are related with large stone, slope, elevation, and depth. The relationships between habitat variables and fish assemblage provide insight into their ecology and can aid effective fisheries management in the Sefidrud River basin.
___
Allen, J.D., & Flecker, A.S. (1993). Biodiversity conservation in running waters. Bioscience, 43: 32-43. doi: 10.2307/1312104
Bain, M.B., Finn, J.T., & Booke, H.E. (1988). Stream flow regulation and fish community structure. Ecology, 69: 382-392. doi: 10.2307/1940436
Bryan, M.D., & Scarnecchia, D.L. (1992). Species richness, composition, and abundance of fish larvae and juveniles inhabiting natural and developed shorelines of a glacial Iowa lake. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 35: 329-341. doi: 10.1007/BF00004984
Capone, T.A., & Kushlan, J.A. (1991). Fish community structure in dry season stream pools. Ecology, 72: 983-992. doi: 10.2307/1940598
Carter, M.G., Copp, G.H., & Szomlai, V. (2004). Seasonal abundance and microhabitat use of bullhead Cottus gobio and accompanying fish species in the River Avon (Hampshire), and implications for conservation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 14: 395-412. doi: 10.1002/aqc.617
Christensen, D.L., Herwig, B.J., Schindler, D.E., & Carpenter, S.R. (1996). Impacts of lakeshore residential development on course woody debris in north temperate lakes. Ecological Applications, 6: 1143-1149. doi: 10.2307/2269598
Doherty, P.J. & Williams. D.M. (1988). Are local populations of coral reef fishes equilibrial assemblages? The empirical data base, In Choat, J.H., D.
Barnes, MA. Borowitzka, J.C. Coll, P.J. Davies, P. Flood, B.G. Hatcher, D.
Hopley, P.A. Hutchings, D. Kinsey, G.R. Orme, M. Pichon, P.F. Sale, P.
Sammarco, C.C. Wallace, C. Wilkinson, E. Wolanski & O. Bellwood (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville, Australia. Vol. 1: 131-139
Erös, T., Botta-Dukát, Z., & Grossman, G.D. (2003). Assemblage structure and habitat use of fishes in a Central European submontane stream: a patchbased approach. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 12: 141-150. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00009.x
Fausch, K.D., Hawkes, C.L., & Parsons, M.G. (1988). Models that predict standing crop of stream fish from habitat variables: 1950-1985.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-213, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
Feyrer, F., & Healey, M.P. (2003). Fish community structure and environmental correlates in the highly altered southern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 66: 123-132. doi: 10.1023/A:1023670404997
Gauch, H.G. (1982). Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511623332 Gorman, O.T., & Karr J.R. (1978). Habitat structure and stream fish communities. Ecology, 59: 507-515. doi: 10.2307/1936581
Hasanlie, A.M. (1999). Diverse methods to water measurement (Hydrometry). Shiraz University publication. 265 p. (In Persian)
Hixon, M.A. (1991). Predation as a process structuring coral reef fish communities. In: P.F. Sale (Ed.). The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs (pp: 475-508). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-092551-6.50022-2
Hixon, M.A., & Beets, J.P. (1993). Predation, prey refuges, and the structure of coral-reef fish assemblages. Ecological Monographs, 63: 77-101. doi: 10.2307/2937124
Inoue, M., & Nunokawa, M. (2002). Effects of longitudal variations in stream habitat structure on fish abundance. Freshwater Biology, 47: 1594-1607. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00898.x
Jackson, D.A., & Harvey, H.H. (1989). Biogeographic association in fish assemblages: local vs regional processes. Ecology, 70: 1472-1484. doi: 10.2307/1938206
Jackson, D.A., Peres Neto, P.R., & Olden, J.D. (2001). What controls who is where in freshwater fish assemblages: the roles of biotic, abiotic, and spatial factors. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58: 157-170. doi: 10.1139/f00-239
Jennings, M.J., Bozek, M.A., Hatzenbeler, G.R., Emmons, E.E., & Staggs, M.D. (1999). Cumulative effects of incremental shoreline habitat modification on fish assemblages in north temperate lakes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19: 18-27. doi: 10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019_____0018:CEOISH>2.0.CO;2
Jennings, M.J., Johnson, K., & Staggs, M. (1996). Shoreline protection study: a report to the Wisconsin state legislature. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Publication PUBL-RS-921-96, Madison.
Jones, G.P. (1991). Postrecruitment processes. In: P.F. Sale (Eds.). The ecology of coral reef fish populations: a multifactorial perspective. (pp: 294-328). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-092551-6.50016-7
Jongman, R.H., ter Braak, C.J., & Van Tongeren, O.F. (1995). Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 324 p. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511525575
Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Vatandoust, S., Eagderi, S., Jafari-Kenari, S., MousaviSabet, H. (2015). Freshwater fishes of Iran; an updated checklist. AACL Bioflux, 8(6): 855-909.
Jowett, I.G., Parkyn, S.M., & Richardson J. (2008). Habitat characteristics of crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) in New Zealand streams using generalised additive models (GAM). Hydrobiologia, 596(1): 353-365. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9108-z
Klaar, M., Copp, G.H., & Horsfield, R. (2004). Autumnal habitat use of nonnative pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and associations with native fish species in small English streams. Folia Zoologica, 53(2): 189-202.
Lester, N.P., Dunlop, W.I., & Willox, C.C. (1996). Detecting changes in the nearshore fish community. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53: 391-402. doi: 10.1139/f95-266
Lobb, M.D., & Orth, D.J. (1991). Habitat use by an assemblage of fish in a large warm water stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 120: 65-78. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120_____0065:HUBAAO>2.3.CO;2
Lotfi, A. (2012). Guideline on rapid assessment of environmental features of rivers. Environment Protection Department of Iran Publication, Tehran, Iran. 120 p. (In Persian)
Matthews, W.J. (1998). Patterns in freshwater fish ecology. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 8: 495-497. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4066-3
Moyle, P.B., & Vondracek, B. (1985). Persistence and structure of the fish assemblage in a small California stream. Ecology, 66: 1-13. doi: 10.2307/1941301
Palmer, M.W. (1993). Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical correspondence analysis. Ecology, 74: 2215-2230. doi: 10.2307/1939575
Platts, W.S., Megahan, W.F., & Minshall, G.W. (1983). Methods for evaluating stream, riparian, and biotic conditions. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, USA. Technical report INT-138, 70 p.
Pusey, B.J., Arthington, A.H., & Read, M.G. (1993). Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in the Mary River, south-eastern Queensland: the influence of habitat structure. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 37: 355-380. doi: 10.1007/BF00005204
Richter, B.D., Braun, D.P., Mendelson, M.A., & Master, L.L. (1997). Threats to imperiled freshwater fauna. Conservation Biology, 11: 1081-1093. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96236.x
Rodriguez, M.A., & Lewis, Jr. W.M. (1997). Structure of fish assemblages along environmental gradients in floodplain lakes of the Orinoco River. Ecological Monographs, 67: 109-128. doi: 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0109:SOFAAE]2.0.CO;2
Schlosser, I.J. (1982). Fish community structure and function along two habitat gradients in a headwater stream. Ecological Monographs, 52: 395-414. doi: 10.2307/2937352
Tabatabaei, S.N., Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Eagderi, S. & Zamani Faradonbeh, M. (2015). Habitat use of two nemacheilid fish species, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus and Paracobitis sp. in the Kordan River, Iran. Hydrobiologia 762(1): 183-193. doi: 10.1007/s10750-015-2347-5
ter Braak, C.J.F. (1986). Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67(5): 1167-1179. doi: 10.2307/1938672
ter Braak, C.J.F., & Verdonschot, P.F.M. (1995). Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology. Aquatic Sciences, 57: 255-289. doi: 10.1007/BF00877430
Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R., & Cushing, C.E. (1980). The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37: 130-137. doi: 10.1139/f80-017
Williams, J.E., Johnson, J.E., Hendrickson, D.A., Contreras-Balderas, S., Williams, J.D., Naarro Mendoza, M., McAllister, D.E., & Deacon, J.E. (1989). Fishes of North America: endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Fisheries, 14(6): 2-20. doi: 10.1577/1548-8446(1989)014_____0002:FONAET>2.0.CO;2