PROFESYONEL FUTBOLCULARDA ANTROPOMETRİK DEĞİŞKENLER, YAŞ VE FUTBOLA KATILIM İLE GENU VARUM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Öz: Genu varum diz dizilim bozukluklarından bir tanesidir ve futbolcularda yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı erkek futbolcularda antropometrik değişkenler, yaş ve futbola katılım yılı ile genu varum arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmaya 17-31 yaş arası 117 erkek profesyonel futbolcu katılmıştır. Gönüllülerin boy uzunlukları, vücut ağırlıkları, vücut yağ yüzdeleri, vücut kütle indeksleri (VKİ) ve interkondiler mesafe (ICd) değerleri ölçülmüştür. Analizlerde SPSS 23 programı kullanılmıştır. Tüm veriler minimum (min), maksimum (max) ve ortalama ± standart sapma (ort ± Std) şeklinde sunulmuştur. Veriler arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyonu ile incelenmiştir. Vücut kompozisyonu ve genu varum değeri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, ICd ile yaş (p <0.01) ve futbola katılım (p <0.001) arasında pozitif, ICd ile vücut yağ yüzdesi (p <0.05) arasında ise negatif korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda genu varum düzeyinin futbola katılım yılı ile arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yaralanmalara karşı koruyucu önlem olarak, futbolcularda genu varum gelişiminin takip edilmesi ve gerekli düzeltici önlemlerin alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

futbol, genu varum, interkondiler mesafe, diz dizilimi

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENU VARUM AND ANTHROPOMETRICAL VARIABLES, AGE AND FOOTBALL PARTICIPATION IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Genu varum is one of the knee alignment disorders and is common in soccer players. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between genu varum and anthropometrical variables, age and football participation in professional football players. 117 male football players aged 17-31 years participated in the study. Volunteers’ body height, body mass, body fat percentage, body mass index and intercondylar distance (ICd) was measured. SPSS 23 program was used for the analyzes. All data were presented as minimum (min), maximum (max) and mean ± standard deviation (ort ± Std). The relationship between the data was examined by using Pearson correlation. A positive correlation was found between ICd and age (p <0.01) as well as ICd and participation in football (p <0.001). There was a negative correlation between body fat percentage and ICd (p <0.05). The result of this study stated that the level of genu varum increases with the year of participation in football. As a preventive measure, especially against injuries, it is recommended to follow the development of genu varum in football players and take necessary corrective measures.

Keywords:

football, genu varum, intercondylar distance, knee alignment,

PDF

___

Arliani G.G., Astur D.C., Yamada R.K.F., Yamada A.F., Miyashita G.K., Mandelbaum B., Cohen M. (2014). Early osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life after retirement in former professional soccer players. Clinics, 69(9), 589-94.
Asadi K., Mirbolook A., Heidarzadeh A., Kivi M.M., Meybodi M.K.E., Rad, M.R. (2015). Association of soccer and genu varum in adolescents. Trauma monthly, 20(2), 47-51.
Bayraktar B., Yucesir I., Ozturk A., Cakmak A. K., Taskara N., Kale A., Demiryurek, D., Bayramoglu A., Camlica H. (2004). Change of quadriceps angle values with age and activity. Saudi medical journal, 25(6), 756-760.
Besier T.F., Lloyd D.G., Cochrane J.L., Ackland T.R. (2001). External loading of the knee joint during running and cutting maneuvers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(7), 1168-75.
Braz R.G., Carvalho G.A. (2010). Relationship between quadriceps angle (Q) and plantar pressure distribution in football players. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 14(4), 296-302.
Brouwer G.M., van Tol A.W., Bergink A.P., Belo J.N., Bernsen R.M., Reijman M., Pols H.A., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M. (2007). Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheumatol, 56(4), 1204-1211.
Chaganti R.K., Lane N.E. (2011). Risk factors for incident osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 4(3), 99.
Chantraine A. (1985). Knee joint in soccer players: osteoarthritis and axis deviation. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 17(4), 434-439.
Cheema J.I., Grissom L.E., Harcke H.T. (2003). Radiographic characteristics of lower-extremity bowing in children. Radiographics, 23(4), 871-880.
Cheng J.C., Chan P.S., Chiang S.C., Hui P.W. (1991). Angular and rotational profile of the lower limb in 2,630 Chinese children. Journal of pediatric orthopedics, 11(2), 154-161.
Dahlström Ö., Backe S., Ekberg J., Janson S., Timpka, T. (2012). Is “football for all” safe for all? Cross-sectional study of disparities as determinants of 1-year injury prevalence in youth football programs. PloS one, 7(8), 1-7
Drawer S., Fuller C. (2001). Propensity for osteoarthritis and lower limb joint pain in retired professional soccer players. British journal of sports medicine, 35(6), 402-408.
Driban J.B., Hootman J.M., Sitler M.R., Harris K.P., Cattano N.M. (2017). Is participation in certain sports associated with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. Journal of athletic training, 52(6), 497-506.
Espandar R., Mortazavi S.M.J., Baghdadi T. (2010). Angular deformities of the lower limb in children. Asian journal of sports medicine, 1(1), 46-53
Espregueira-Mendes J., van Dijk C.N., Neyret P., Cohen M., Della Villa S., Pereira H., Oliveira, J.M. (2017). Injuries and Health Problems in Football: Springer, 49-52.
Fukaya T., Mutsuzaki H., Wadano Y. (2015). Kinematic analysis of knee varus and rotation movements at the initial stance phase with severe osteoarthritis of the knee. The Knee, 22(3), 213-216.
Fuller C.W., Ekstrand J., Junge A., Andersen T.E., Bahr R., Dvorak J., . . . Meeuwisse, W. H. (2006). Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(2), 83-92.
Greig M. (2019). Concurrent changes in eccentric hamstring strength and knee joint kinematics induced by soccer-specific fatigue. Physical Therapy in Sport, 37, 21-26.
Hahn T., Foldspang A. (1997). The Q angle and sport. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 7(1), 43-48.
Higano Y., Hayami T., Omori G., Koga Y., Endo K., Endo N. (2016). The varus alignment and morphologic alterations of proximal tibia affect the onset of medial knee osteoarthritis in rural Japanese women: Case control study from the longitudinal evaluation of Matsudai Knee Osteoarthritis Survey. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 21(2), 166-171.
Işın A. (2017). Futbola katılımın genu varum üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Hareket ve Antrenman Anabilim Dalı Antalya.
Işın A., Melekoğlu T. (2019). Akut kuvvet antrenmanının biyoelektrik empedans ölçümleri üzerine etkileri. Cukurova Medical Journal, 44(1), 80-6.
Jan van de Pol G., Arnold M.P., Verdonschot N., van Kampen A. (2009). Varus alignment leads to increased forces in the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med, 37(3), 481-487.
Levene H. (1960). Contributions to probability and statistics. Essays in honor of Harold Hotelling, 278-292.
Lewek M.D., Rudolph K.S., Snyder-Mackler L. (2004). Control of frontal plane knee laxity during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 12(9), 745-751.
Melekoğlu T., Işın A. (2019). The Relationship Between Football Participation Level and Lower Leg Alignment in Youth Males: Genu Varum. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(2), 137-41.
Neely F.G. (1998). Biomechanical risk factors for exercise-related lower limb injuries. Sports medicine, 26(6), 395-413.
Nguyen A.D., Boling M.C., Levine B., Shultz S.J. (2009). Relationships Between Lower Extremity Alignment and the Quadriceps Angle. Clin J Sport Med, 19(3), 201-206.
Olsen L., Scanlan A., MacKay M., Babul S., Reid D., Clark M., Raina P. (2004). Strategies for prevention of soccer related injuries: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 38(1), 89-94.
Pappas E., Wong-Tom W.M. (2012). Prospective predictors of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Health, 4(2), 115-120.
Petrillo S., Papalia R., Maffulli N., Volpi P., Denaro V. (2018). Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee in former male professional soccer players. British medical bulletin, 125(1), 121-130.
Rerucha C.M., Dickison C., Baird D.C. (2017). Lower extremity abnormalities in children. American family physician, 96(4), 226-233.
Rezende L.F.M.d., Santos M.d., Araújo T.L., Matsudo V.K.R. (2011). Does soccer practice stress the degrees of Genu Varo? Revista Brasileira de medicina do esporte, 17(5), 329-33.
Sass P., Hassan, G. (2003). Lower extremity abnormalities in children. American family physician, 68(3), 461-468.
Shapiro S.S., Wilk M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611.
Shim J.S., Kim H.T., Mubarak S.J., Wenger D. R. (1997). Genu valgum in children with coxa vara resulting from hip disease. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 17(2), 225-229.
Shohat N., Machluf Y., Farkash R., Finestone A. S., Chaiter, Y. (2018). Clinical knee alignment among adolescents and association with body mass index: A large prevalence study. The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ, 20(2), 75.
Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 th ed.). Pearson.
Tarawneh I., AL-Ajoulin O., Alkhawaldah A., Kalbouneh H., Hadidi M. (2016). Normal values of Quadriceps angle and its correlation with anthropometric measures in a group of Jordanians. Journal of the Royal Medical Services, 102(3396), 1-6.
Tetsworth K., Paley D. (1994). Malalignment and degenerative arthropathy. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 25(3), 367-378.
Thijs Y., Bellemans J., Rombaut L., Witvrouw E. (2012). Is high-impact sports participation associated with bowlegs in adolescent boys? Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 44(6), 993-998.
Waryasz G.R., McDermott A.Y. (2008). Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS): a systematic review of anatomy and potential risk factors. Dynamic medicine, 7(1), 9.
Witvrouw E., Danneels L., Thijs Y., Cambier D., Bellemans J. (2009). Does soccer participation lead to genu varum? Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 17(4), 422-427.