Egzersize Bağlı İskelet ve Kalp Kası Hasarı

Egzersiz ve kas doku hasarı birçok bilim dalının ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu alanda özellikle uluslar arası literatürde oldukça fazla çalışma yapılmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili çalışmaların derlenip genel yargıların ortaya konması önem taşımaktadır. Egzersizle oluşan doku hasarı literatürde yaygın olarak kas hasarı (muscle damage) terimiyle ifade edilmektedir. Bu hasar genel olarak iki yolla tespit edilmektedir. Birincisi görüntüleme teknikleri, ikincisi ise kasa özel enzim aktivitelerinin plazmadaki oranlarının takip edilmesidir. Egzersizle oluşan kas hasarı temel olarak iki yolla açıklanmaktadır. Birincisi alışık olunmayan egzersiz, ikincisi ise doku zedelenmesiyle ortaya çıkan bazı metabolik ve kimyasal olaylardır. Kas hasarı özellikle miyofibrillerin Z bandındaki kopmalardan kaynaklanan yapısal bozulma sonucu meydana gelmektedir. Kas lif tiplerinin Z bandı kalınlıklarının farklı olması, aynı egzersizin farklı lif tiplerinde farklı miktarlarda hasar meydana getirmesinin bir açıklaması olabilir. Maraton, ultra maraton gibi uzun süre efor gerektiren spor disiplinlerinde iskelet kası hasarının yanında kalp kasında da infarktüse benzer hasar meydana gelmektedir. Bunun yanında hasarın miktarı yaş, cinsiyet, ırk, kasılma çeşidi ve özellikle antrenman durumuna göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Egzersizle oluşan kas hasarını azaltmak için çeşitli farmakolojik ajanlar kullanılabileceği gibi egzersiz öncesi ısınma ve germe hareketleri, egzersiz sonrası ise aktif soğuma ve masaj uygulamaları hasarı azaltabilmekte ve tedavi edici nitelik taşımaktadır.

Exercise Induced Skeletal Muscle and Myocardial Damage

Exercise and muscle tissue damage concerns many science branches.On this subject there have been lots of studies especially in the international literature. İt is important to expose the general assumptions arranging studies on this subject. Exercise induced tissue damage is generally called as muscle damage. This damage is mainly diagnosed in two ways. The first way is the visualization methods, the other one is the observing the rates of enzyme activities exclusive to the muscle in the plasma. Exercise induced muscle damage is expressed in two ways. The first one is unaccustomed exercise, the second one is metabolic and chemical cases based upon tissue damage. Muscle damage is basicly caused by structural deformation resulted from breaking off of myofibrils in Z lines. That the thickness of the Z line of the muscle fibre types is various can be the cause of the different levels of damages in different fiber types when exposed to the same exercise. In endurence exercises such as marathon, ultra marathon, damages like myocardial infarction as well as skeletal muscle damage can be seen. Meanwhile the level of the damage can differ in relation with the age, race, sex, the type of contraction and the training condition. In order to reduce exercise induced muscle damage, various pharmacologic agents can be used. On the other hand pre-exercise warm up and streching activities, and post-exercise active resting and massage can reduce and cure the damage.

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