'Cıvatalar, somunlar ve insanlar' toplumsal cinsiyet kıskacında mühendislik kimlikleri

Mühendisler, "gerçek" mühendislik konusunda iki tür öyküye sahiptirler. Sosyolojik terimle, biri teknisist, diğeri heterojen. Mühendislik kimliğinde teknik olanla toplumsal olan arasındaki sınırın nerede ve nasıl başladığı, yani toplumsal olanın kadınsı, teknolojik olanın ise erkeksi olmasının kuvvetlice vurgulanması feminist teknoloji çalışmalarda temel ilgi alanıdır. İnşaat tasarımı mühendisliği alanında etnografik gözlemler üzerine bu temaları araştırıyorum. Mühendisler ve mimarlar arasında, mühendisler kendi aralarında, özellikle yönetim ve tasarım üzerine etkileşimlerde gözlenen bu sorunlu sınırın ortaya konması ve etkileşimdeki bireylerin kimliklerini dayatan oldukça heterojen ve çapraşık mühendislik pratiğini oluşturmaktadır. Birçok mühendis, teknisist mühendis kimliğini sahiplenirken, iş yaşamında heterojen gerçekliğine maruz kaldıklarında iki kimlik arasında salınır ya da, herzaman kolay olmasa da, her iki kimliğe çekimser kalır. Eril hegemonyanın farklı yorumlarıyla, teknik/ toplumsal ikilikle ve "cinsiyetçi itibar/itibar dişiliği " dediğim konularla ilintili olarak iş yaşamında gerilimler yanında karmaşık toplumsal cinsiyet gerilimleri ve mesleki de mevcuttur. Sonuç olarak, teknisist mühendislik kimlikler ayrışır, çünkü mevcut erkeklikle birleşir (ve o role bürünür) ve kadınların "gerçek" mühendis olarak (algıladıkları ve duyumsadıkları) üyeliği erkek meslektaşlarınınkinden muhtemelen daha kırılgan olmaktadır. Mühendislik bir meslek olarak, mühendislik yaşamında heterojenliği öncüllemeli ve ön planda tutmalıdır. Mühendislikte kadınların temsilinin geliştirilmesi hem toplumsal cinsiyetin hem de mühendisliğin daha heterojen yorumlamalarının teşviki ile mümkün olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

mühendislik

Engineers have two types of stories about what constitutes 'real' engineering. In sociological terms, one is technicist, the other heterogeneous. How and where boundaries are drawn between 'the technical' and 'the social' in engineering identities and practices is a central concern forfeminist technology studies, given the strong marking of sociality as feminine and technology as masculine. I explore these themes, drawing on ethnographic observations of building design engineering. This is a profoundly heterogeneous and networked engineering practice, which entails troubled boundary drawing and identities for the individuals involved — evident in interactions between engineers and architects, and among engineers, especially around management and design. Many engineers cleave to a technicist engineering identity, and even those who embrace the heterogeneous reality of their actual work oscillate between or straddle, not always comfortably, the two identities. There are complex gender tensions, as well as professional tensions, at work here - associated with distinct versions of hegemonic masculinity, with the technical/social dualism, and with what I call 'gender in/authenticity' issues. I conclude that technicist engineering identities persist in part because they converge with (andperform) available masculinities, and that women's (perceived and felt) membership as 'real' engineers is likely to be more fragile than men's. Engineering as a profession must foreground and celebrate the heterogeneity of engineering work. Improving the representation of women in engineering requires promoting more heterogeneous versions of gender as well as engineering.

Keywords:

engineering,

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