Türkiye’den Avrupa’ya İşçi Göçünü Neler Etkilemektedir? Olayın Kapsamı ve Sonuçları

Birbirine bağlı olan küresel ölçekte göçü etkileyen birkaç farklı konu bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında iş göçü, yaşam tarzı göçü, ekolojik göç, yurtdışında çalışanların ücretleri, transit göç, kuraldışı küresel göç, zorla çalıştırılan ve zorla insani yardım göçü, insan kaçakçılığı, mülteciler ve yerinden edilmiş nüfusların güvenliği sayılabilir. Bu çalışma, Türk göçmen işçilerinin nedenselliğini ve sonuçlarını analiz etmektedir. Hedef: Bu araştırma özellikle iş pazarında bulunan ve geçimlerini sağlamak üzere Avrupa’ya gittikçe artan oranlarda gelen düzensiz göçmenlerin durumu üzerine yoğunlaşacak. Yöntem: Çalışmada sosyal ve kültürel söylem analizi kullanılmıştır. Göçün ekonomik etkilerini değerlendirmek için, her ülkenin makroekonomik faktörlerini araştırmak tercih edilir. Bu çalışma,göç olgusuna ekonomik, kültürel ve sosyal açıdan yaklaşmaktadır. Bulgular: Görünüşe göre, göç politikaları, en azından çoğu durumda, önceden belirlenmiş demografik hedeflerine ulaşamıyor. Bunun nedeni net göç sentezinin ve hacminin kontrol edilmesi dikkate değer bir zorluk oluşturmasıdır. Ekonomik krizin yanı sıra, sosyal yasama sorunları ve işsizlik gibi son zamanlarda Türkiye’ye özgü bazı faktörler, nüfusun büyük kesimlerini diğer ülkelere göç etmeye iterek göçün bir sonucunu doğurarak itiyor. Sonuç: Demografik gelişimler yaklaşma tepkisiyle işbirliği içerisinde iş gücünün boyut ve yapısını karmaşık olarak etkilemektedir. Bunun da ötesinde, iş pazarının gelecekteki ihtiyaçlarını göç akımlarına göre kesin bir şekilde ayırt etmek ve göç politikalarını iyileştirmek için yapılan girişimler de oldukça kısıtlı kalmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşçi Göçü, Kayıt Dışı Emek Piyasası, Emeğin Hareketliliği, İşgücü Standartları

What Determines Labour Movement from Turkey to Europe? Extent of the Situation and Implications

There are several different issues affecting migration on the global scale, which are commonly interconnected. These include work migration, lifestyle migration, ecological migration, workers’ wages abroad, transit migration, irregular global migration, forced and forced humanitarian migration, human trafficking, refugees, and the safety of displaced populations. This study analyzes causation and consequences of Turkish workforce migration. Aim: Bu çalışma hayatlarını iyileştirmek amacıyla kuraldışı göçmen işgücünün Avrupa’ya göç etmesiyle birlikte yükselen sorunlara odaklanmaktadır. Methodology: Social and cultural discourse analysis are used in the study. It is preferable to investigate the macroeconomic factors of each country, in order to assess the economic implications of immigration. The present study looks at immigration from an economic, as well as a cultural and social point of view. Findings: Apparently, immigration policies are unable to achieve their prespecified demographic targets, at least under most circumstances, because controlling the synthesis and volume of net migration poses a remarkable challenge. Apart from the economic crisis, certain factors that are unique to Turkey lately, such as social-legislative problems and unemployment, push large segments of the population to migrate to other countries, raising the fraction of immigration therefore. Results: Demographic circumstances and effects of relevant policies work in tandem, and their combined influence alters the volume and makeup of the workforce in complex ways. Moreover, any undertaking to pinpoint the needs of the future work market in a decisive way, regarding immigration, and to optimize immigration strategies, appears to have modest results as well.

Keywords:

Labour Migration, Informal Labour Markets, Labour Mobility, Labour Force Standards,

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