Turizm, Ekonomik Büyüme, Gelir Dağılımı, Enerji Tüketimi ve Hava Kirliliği İlişkilerinde Nedenselliğin Yönü: Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkeler Örneği

Bu çalışmada turizm, ekonomik büyüme, gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği, enerji tüketimi ve hava kirliliği ilişkisinde nedenselliğin yönünün yüksek ve orta gelir seviyeleri göz önünde bulundurularak doğru belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan veri seti 2004-2014 yılları arasında 44 ülke verisini kapsayan dengeli bir panel veri setidir. İlgili değişkenler arasındaki nedenselliklerin incelenmesi için Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) panel Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yüksek ve orta gelirli ülkeler için kısa dönemde ekonomik büyümenin hava kirliği ve gelir eşitsizliğinin nedeni olduğu elde edilmiştir. Hava kirliği ile turizm arasında ise çift yönlü nedensellik bulunmuştur. Yüksek gelirli ülkeler için spesifik olarak ekonomik büyümenin enerji kullanımın nedeni olduğu ve ekonomik büyümenin turizm ile çift yönlü nedenselliğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yine yüksek gelirli ülkeler için enerji kullanımından hava kirliliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik varken enerji kullanımının turizm ile çift yönlü nedenselliği bulunmuştur. Orta gelirli ülkeler içinse enerji kullanımından turizme doğru, turizmden ise gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Turizm, Gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği, CO2 emisyonu, Ekonomik büyüme, Enerji kullanımı.

Tam Metin

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APA	Kaya, G. (2023). Turizm, Ekonomik Büyüme, Gelir Dağılımı, Enerji Tüketimi ve Hava Kirliliği İlişkilerinde Nedenselliğin Yönü: Yüksek ve Orta Gelirli Ülkeler Örneği . Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi , 12 (8) , 967-982 .