Yield losses due to Diuraphis noxia (Kurd.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) damage on canarygrass in Konya province of Turkey

Rus buğday afidi, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), Konya ilinde buğday ve arpalarda sadece belirli yıllarda önemli zarara neden olurken, kuşyemine (Phalaris canariensis L.) her yıl çok ciddi zarar vermektedir. D. noxia' nın bu bitkide neden olduğu verim kayıplarının belirlenmesi amacıyla çalışma, 1998 ve 1999 yıllarında tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 14 tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. 14 husyemi parseli oxydemeton - methyl ile 200 cc /100 il su dozunda haftalık olarak ilaçlanmış, diğer 14 parsel ise doğal afit bulaşması için ilaçsız bırakılmıştır. Bitkinin vejetasyon gelişimi süresince ilaçsız parsellerde haftalık afit sayımları yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ele alınan tüm verim kriterleri D. noxia zararından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu kriterlerdeki kayıp oranları; dane veriminde % 81,7, m2'deki salkım sayısında % 57,1 ve, 10 salkımdaki dane ağırlığında % 55,43, salkımdaki dane sayısında % 43,97, bitki boyunda % 36,44, bindane ağırlığında % 26,95 ve salkım uzunluğunda % 11,03 olarak belirlenmiştir. Makro besin elementlerinden (nitrojen, fosfor ve potasyum) sadece potasyum seviyesi afitle bulaşık parsellerde, ilaçlı parsellere göre önemli derecede daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Konya ilinde D. noxia 'ya bağlı verim kayıpları ve buğday üretimi için tehdit oluşturması nedeniyle kuşyemi tarımının ekonomik olmadığı kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aphididae, verim kaybı, bitki zararlıları, Phalaris canariensis, Diuraphis noxia, Aphidoidea

Konya ilinde kuşyeminde Diuraphis noxia (Kurd.) (Homoptera:Aphididae)'nin neden olduğu verim kayıpları

Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), although is an occasional pest for wheat and barley in Konya province of Turkey, it causes severe damage on canarygrass, Phalaris canariensis L. every year. To determine yield losses caused by D. noxia on this plant, trials were arranged as factorial experimental design with 14 replications for two years. The 14 canarygrass plots were weekly sprayed by oxydemeton-methyl at 200 cc /100 It water and other 14 plots were left for natural aphid colonization. Aphid counting was done weekly during vegetation period. All yield components measured were significantly affected by D. noxia damage. The rates of reduction in these components were as follows: 81,7 % in grain yield, 57,1 % in panicula number per square meter, 55,43 % in grain weight per ten panicula, 43,97 % in grain number in panicula, 36,44 % in plant height, 26,95 % in 1000 kernel weight, and 11,03 % in panicula length. Only potassium level of the determined macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was significantly higher in infested plots than sprayed plots. As a result, canarygrass cultivation is not recommended for Konya province due to the economic losses attributable to D. noxia and possible threat to wheat cultivation.

Keywords:

Aphididae, yield losses, plant pests, Phalaris canariensis, Diuraphis noxia, Aphidoidea,

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