Çalışanların Bencillik Davranışlarının Motivasyonları Üzerindeki Etkisinde Performanslarının Aracı Etkisi

Günümüz yoğun ve farklı çalışma ortamlarında çalışanlar farklı davranış özelliklerine sahip olmaktadır. Bu açıdan çalışanların bencil davranışları, performansları ve motivasyonları yaptıkları işler için önemli ve dikkate alınması gereken faktörlerdendir. Daha evvel gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda genel olarak çalışanların motivasyonunun performansları üzerindeki etkileri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca önceki çalışmalarda çalışanların bencil (ben merkezli) davranışlarını ölçen fazla bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu açıdan çalışmada daha önce gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan farklı olarak çalışanların bencil davranışlarının motivasyonları üzerindeki etkisi ölçülürken çalışanların performansının aracı etkisi ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında çalışanların bencil davranışları motivasyonlarını negatif ve anlamlı olarak etkilemiştir. Çalışanların bencil davranışları performanslarını yine negatif ve anlamlı olarak etkilemiştir. Çalışanların performansları ise motivasyonlarını pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilemiştir. Ek olarak çalışanların bencil davranışlarının motivasyonları üzerindeki etkisinde performanslarının da tam aracı etkiye sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ile literatüre farklı bakış açıları kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çalışanların Bencil Davranışları, Çalışanların Performansı, Çalışanların Motivasyonları

The Mediator Effect of the Performance of Employees on the Motivation of Selfish Behavior

In today's busy and different working environments, employees have different behavioral characteristics. In this respect, selfish behaviors, performances and motivations of employees are important and one of the factors to be taken into consideration for their work. In previous studies, the effects of motivation of employees on their performance were measured in general. In addition, the previous studies did not find many studies measuring selfish (self-centered) behaviors of employees. In this respect, unlike previous studies, the effect of employees 'selfish behaviors on their motivation was measured and the mediator effect of employees' performance was tried to be revealed. In the results of the research, the selfish behaviors of the employees had a negative and significant effect on their motivation. The selfish behaviors of the employees also affected their performance negatively and significantly. Employees' performances have a positive and significant effect on their motivation. In addition, it was observed that the performances of the employees had a full mediating effect on the motivation of selfish behaviors. With these results, it is aimed to gain different perspectives to the literature.

Keywords:

Selfish Behavior of Employees, Employee Performance, Motivation of Employees,

PDF

___

Abbas, Qaisar ve Sara Yaqoob (2009) ‘‘Effect of Leadership Development on Employee Performance in Pakistan’’, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 47 (2), s.269-292.
Akanbi, Paul Ayobami (2011) ‘‘Influence of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Employees Performance’’, Retrieved October, 7, s.1-14.
Akaoka, Isao (1983) ‘‘Motivation of Employees in Japan’’, Kyoto University Economic Review, 53 (1/2), s.25-50.
Ali, Reena ve M. Shakil Ahmed (2009) ‘‘The Impact of Reward and Recognition Programs On Employe’s Motivation and Satisfaction: An Empirical Study’’, International Review of Business Research Papers, 5 (4), s.270-279.
Anyim, Chukwudi F., Odogwu C. Chidi ve Adedehinbo E Badejo (2012) ‘‘Motivation and Employees Performance in the Public and Private Sectors in Nigeria’’, International Journal of Businees Administration, 3 (1), s.31-40.
Azar, Maryam ve Ali Akbar Shafighi (2013) ‘‘The Effect of Work Motivation on Employees Job Performance (Case Study: Employees of Isfahan Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation)’’, International Journal of Academic Research in Businees and Social Sciences, 3 (9), s.432-445.
Barrick, Murray R., Greg L. Stewart ve Mike Piotrowski (2002) ‘‘Personality and Job Performance: Test of the Mediating Effects of Motivation Among Sales Representatives’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (1), s.1-9.
Battal, Fetullah, Durmuş, İbrahim. ve Çınar, Ertuğrul (2017) ‘‘The Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Decision-Making Styles on Transformational Leadership Behavior’’, Turkish Studies, 12 (31), s.1-28.
Benston, George J. (1963) ‘‘The Role of the Firm’s Accounting System for Motivation’’, The Accounting Review, 38 (2), s.347-354.
Bevan, David ve Patricia Werhane (2015) ‘‘The Inexorable Sociality of Commerce: The Individual and Others in Adam Smith’’, Journal of Business Ethics, 127 (2), s.327-335.
Biswas, Soumendu (2009) ‘‘Organizational Culture & Transformational Leadership as Predictors of Employee Performance’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 44 (4), s.611-627.
Bright, Leonard (2007) ‘‘Does Person-Organization Fit Mediate the Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and the Job Performance of Public Employees?’’, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 27 (4), s.361-379.
Chaurasia, Swati ve Archana Shukla (2014) ‘‘Psychological Capital, LMX, Employee Engagement & Work Role Performance’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 50 (2), s.342-356.
Chen, Chung-wen (2014) ‘‘Are Workers More Likely to be Deviant than Managers? A Cross-National Analysis’’, Journal of Business Ethics, 123 (2), s.221-233.
Chiang, Chun-Fang ve Tsung-Sheng Hsieh (2012) ‘‘The Impacts of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Empowerment on Job Performance: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior’’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, s.180-190.
Corey, John B.W. (1973) ‘‘Motivating Employees’’, Journal (American Water Association), 65 (1), s.39-41.
Cullen, Kristin L., Bryan D. Edwards, Wm. Camron Casper ve Kevin R. Gue (2014) ‘‘Employees Adaptability and Perceptions of Change-Related Uncertainty: Implications for Perceived Organizational Support’’, Journal of Business and Psychology, 29 (2), s.269-280.
Dartey-Baah, Kwasi ve George Kofi Amoako (2011) ‘‘Application of Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory in Assessing and Understanding Employee Motivation at Work: A Ghanaian Perspective’’, European Journal of Business and Management, 3 (9), s.1-8.
Dubois, David, Derek D. Rucker ve Adam D. Galinsky (2015) ‘‘Social Class, Power, and Selfishness: When and Why Upper and Lower Class Individuals Behave Unethically’’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108 (3), s.436-449.
Dvivedi, R.S. (1980) ‘‘Some Correlates of Employee Performance’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 15 (4), s.563-576.
Fernandez, Segio ve Tima Moldogaziev (2013) ‘‘Employee Empowerment, Employee Attitudes, and Performance: Testing a Causal Model’’, Public Administration Review, 73 (3), s.490-506.
Forde, David R. ve Leslie W. Kennedy (1997) ‘‘Risky Lifestyles, Routine Activities, and the General Theory of Crime’’, Justice Quarterly, 14 (2), s.265-294.
Gong, Yaping, Jia-Chi Huang ve Jiing-Lih Farh (2009) ‘‘Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy’’, The Academy of Management Journal, 52 (4), s.765-778.
Govindarajulu, Nalini ve Bonnie F. Daily (2004) ‘‘Motivating Employees for Environmental Improvement’’, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104 (4), s.364-372.
Grant, Adam M. (2007) ‘‘Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference’’, The Academy of Management Review, 32 (2), s.393-417.
Guo, Yun, Jıanqıao Lıao, Shudı Lıao ve Yanhong Zhang (2014) ‘‘The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation on the Relationship Between Developmental Feedback and Employee Job Performance’’, Social Behavior and Personality, 42 (5), s.731-742.
Hijazi, Syed Tahir (1999) ‘‘Motivational Aspect of Good Governance’’, The Pakistan Development Review, 38 (4), s.905-912.
Hitka, Milos ve Zaneta Balazova (2015) ‘‘The Impact of Age, Education and Seniority on Motivation of Employees’’, Business: Theory and Practice, 16 (1), s.113-120.
Jayaweera, Thushel (2015) ‘‘Impact of Work Environmental Factors on Job Performance, Mediating Role of Work Motiation: A Study of Hotel Sector in Englang’’, International Journal of Business and Management, 10 (3), s.271-278.
Jensen, Larry C. ve Steven A. Wygant (1990) ‘‘The Developmental Self-Valuing Theory: A Practical Approach for Business Ethics’’, Journal of Business Ethics, 9 (3), s.215-225.
Kuvaas, Bard (2006) ‘‘Performance Appraisal Satisfaction and Employee Outcomes: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Work Motivation’’, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17 (3), s.504-522.
Lin, Carol Yeh-Yun ve Feng-Chuan Liu (2012) ‘‘A Cross-Level Analysis of Organizational Creativity Climate and Perceived İnnovation’’, European Journal of Innovation Management, 15 (1), s.55-76.
Long, Richard J. (2000) ‘‘Employee Profit Sharing: Consequence and Moderators’’, Relations Industrielles / Industrial Relations, 55 (3), s.477-504.
Lu, Luo (1999) ‘‘Work Motivation, Job Stress and Employees Well-being’’, Journal of Applied Management Studies, 8 (1), s.61-72.
Judge, Timothy A. ve Remus Ilies (2004) ‘‘Is Positiveness in Organizations Always Desirable?’’, Academy of Management Executive, 18 (4), s.151-155.
Manners, George E., Joseph A. Steger ve Thomas W. Zimmerer (1997) ‘‘Motivating Your R&D Staff’’, Research Technology Management, 40 (6), s.29-34.
Manzoor, Quratul-Ain (2011) ‘‘Impact of Employees Motivation on Organizational Effectiveness’’, European Journal of Business and Management, 3 (3), s.36-44.
Mintzberg, Henry, Robert Simons ve Kunal Basu (2002) ‘‘Beyond Selfishness’’, Mıt Sloan Management Review, s.67-74.
Moberg, Dennis J. (1997) ‘‘On Employee Vice’’, Business Ethics Quarterly, 7 (4), s.41-60.
Muogbo, Uju S. (2013) ‘‘The Influence of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Study of Some Selected Firms in Anambra State’’, An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2 (3), s.134-151.
Noval, Laura J. (2016) ‘‘On the Misguided Pursuit of Happiness and Ethical Decisions Making: The Roles of Focalism the Impact Bias in Unethical and Selfish Behavior’’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 133, s.1-16.
Okan, Tarhan ve Ahmet Mutlu Akyüz (2015) ‘‘Exploring the Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Job Satisfaction with the Mediating Role of the Level of Loyalty to Supervisor’’, Businees and Economics Research Journal, 6 (4), s.155-177.
Osterloh, Margit ve Bruno S. Frey (2000) ‘‘Motivation, Knowledge Transfer, and Organizational Forms’’, Organization Science, 11 (5), s.538-550.
Padaki, Rupande (1984) ‘‘Job Characteristics and Work Motivation: A Test of Job Desing Model’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 19 (4), s.469-483.
Pandey, Ashok Kumar (1988) ‘‘Employees Need Structure and Their Performance’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 24 (1), s.84-93.
Perry, James L. ve Lyman W. Porter (1982) ‘‘Factors Affecting the Context for Motivation in Public Organizations’’, The Academy of Management Review, 7 (1), s.89-98.
Porter, Lyman W., Gregory A. Bigley ve Richard M. Steers (2003) ‘‘Motivation and Work Behavior’’, Conceptual Approaches to Motivation at Work, s.125-140.
Roux, Caroline, Kelly Goldsmith ve Andrea Bonezzi (2015) ‘‘On the Psychology of Scarcity: When Reminders of Resource Scarcity Promote Selfish (and Generous) Behavior’’, Journal of Consumer Research, 42, s.615-631.
Sani, Achmad (2013) ‘‘Role of Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Job Performance: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior’’, International Journal of Business and Management, 8 (15), s.57-67.
Sattar, Tehmina, Khalil Ahmad ve Syeda Mahnaz Hassan (2015) ‘‘Role of Human Resource Practices in Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction with Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement’’, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 53 (1), s.81-96.
Sengupta, Sunita Singh (2011) ‘‘Growth in Human Motivation: Beyond Maslow’’, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47 (1), s.102-116.
Spence, Jeffrey R. ve Lisa M. Keeping (2010) ‘‘The Impact of Non-Performance Information on Ratings of Job Performance: A Policy-Capturing Approach’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, s.587-608.
Spreitzer, Gretchen M. ve Aneil K. Mishra (1999) ‘‘Giving up Control Wihout Losing Control’’, Group & Organization Management, 24 (2), s.155-187.
Thompson, James W. (1996) ‘‘Employee Attitudes, Organizational Performance, and Qualitative Factors Underlying Success’’, Journal of Business and Psychology, 11 (2), s.171-196.
Tietjen, Mark A. ve Robert M. Myers (1998) ‘‘Motiation and Job Satisfaction’’, Management Decision, 36 (4), s.226-231.
Tsui, Anne S., Jone L. Pearce, Lyman W. Porter ve Angela M. Tripoli (1997) ‘‘Alternative Approaches to the Employee-Organization Relationship: Does Investment in Employees Pay off?’’, The Academy of Management Journal, 40 (5), s.1089-1121.
Tyagi, Pradeep K. (1985) ‘‘Relative Importance of Key Job Dimensions and Leadership Behaviors in Motivating Salesperson Work Performance’’, Journal of Marketing, 49 (3), s.76-86.
Uzonna, Ukajiofo Rex (2013) ‘‘Impact of Motivation on Employees Performance: A Case Study of CreditWest Bank Cyprus’’, Journal of Economics and International Finance, 5 (5), s.199-211.
Vandenabeele, Wouter (2016) ‘‘The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Self-Reported Performance: More Robust Evidence of the PSM-Performance Relationship’’, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75 (1), s.11-34.
Welbourne, Theresa M., Diane E. Johnson ve Amir Erez (1998) ‘‘The Role-Based Performance Scale: Validity Analysis of a Theory-Based Measure’’, The Academy of Management Journal, 41 (5), s.540-555.
Wiley, Carolyn (1997) ‘‘What Motivates Employees According to Over 40 Years of Motivation Surveys’’, International Journal of Manpower, 18 (3), s.263-280.
Wright, Bradley E., Robert K. Christensen ve Kimberley Roussin Isett (2013) ‘‘Motivated to Adapt? The Role of Public Service Motivation as Employees Face Organizational Change’’, Public Administration Review, 73 (5), s.738-747.
Yuan, Feirong ve Richard W. Woodman (2010) ‘‘Innovative Behavior in the Workplace: The Role of Performance and Image Outcome Expatations’’, The Academy of Management Journal, 53 (2), s.323-342.
Yusoff, W.F. Wan, Tan Shen Kian ve Mohammad T.M. Idris (2013) ‘‘Herzberg’s two Factors Theory on Work Motivation: Does its Work for Todays Environment?’’, Global Journal of Commerce & Management Perspective, 2 (5), s.18-22.
Zameer, Hashim, Shehzad Ali, Waqar Nisar ve Muhammad Amir (2014) ‘‘The Impact of the Motivation on the Employee’s Performance in Beverage Industry of Pakistan’’, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4 (1), s.293-298.
Zhang, Mingqiong, David Di Fan ve Cherrie Jiuhua Zhu (2014) ‘‘High-Performance Work Systems, Corporate Social Performance and Employee Outcomes: Exploring the Missing Links’’, Journal of Business Ethics, 120 (3), s.423-435.