ANTROPOMORFİZM VE ANTROPOMORFİK KARAKTER TASARIMLARININ İNSANLAR ÜSTÜNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Antropomorfizm, canlı veya cansız varlıklara insan niteliklerinin aktarılmasıdır. Ayrıca insansılaştırma olarak da kullanılır. İlkel insanlarda başlayan bu düşünce şekli önce cansız objelerin canlı olarak kurgulamasıyla başlamış daha sonra ise çeşitli tanrılara insan biçimi ve nitelikleri yakıştırılmasıyla devam etmiştir. Homeros ve Hesiodos gibi ünlü hikaye anlatıcılarının Yunan mitolojisindeki tanrıları insan gibi anlatmaları ve mitlerdeki tanrıların insan niteliklerine sahip olmaları hikaye anlatıcılığında birer antropomorfizm örneğidir. Antropomorfizm genelde din bilim ve felsefe ile alakalı olarak başlamış olsa da günümüzdeki kullanımı ise yine anlam açısından oldukça benzerdir. Antropomorfizm modern çağda da birçok filmde, hikayede, romanda (özellikle de bilim kurgu eserlerinde) karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle hikaye anlatıcılığında antropomorfizm oldukça yaygındır. Bunun çoğu zaman filmlerdeki amacı izleyicinin karakterlerle insani yönden empati kurmasını ve ayrıca filmdeki hayal dünyası havasının bozulmamasını sağlamaktır. Bu makalede yazarların ve animasyon sanatçılarının eserlerindeki antropomorfik karakterleri hikaye anlatıcılığında nasıl kullandıkları ve bunların izleyici üzerindeki etkisi çeşitli örnekler üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bu örneklerle beraber antropomorfik karakterlerin en çok öne çıkan özellikleri belirlenmiş ve insan psikolojisi açısından izleyicinin bir karakteri antropomorfik olarak algılamasında ve empati kurmasındaki en önemli etkenler incelenmiştir.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM AND THE IMPACT OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC CHARACTER DESIGN ON PEOPLE

Anthropomorphism is the transfer of human qualities to living or non-living beings. This thought process began when primitive man started to shape inanimate objects into living things in their minds and later continued by giving same qualities to the gods. Such storytellers like Homer, Hesiodos describing the gods as human beings and attribute human qualities to the gods of the Greek myths is an example of anthropomorphism. Although the anthropomorphism in this subjects was more about theology and philosophy, in the modern times we still use the same term in other places with basically the same meaning. We can see anthropomorphism in many films, stories, novels (especially in science fiction) in the modern era. Anthropomorphism is quite common, especially in storytelling. This is often used to ensure that the intended audience of movie is able to empathise with the characters, while keeping the fantasy world in the movie intact. In this article, various examples of how anthropomorphic characters work for storytelling and the effects of this characters on the audience examined. The most prominent features of anthropomorphic characters were identified with these examples and how these features play an important role for the audience to perceive this characters as anthropomorphic and empathise with them is explained in terms of human psychology.

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