PREMATÜRE RETİNOPATİSİ MUAYENESİ’NDE AĞRI YÖNETİMİ

Prematüre Retinopatisi (ROP), düşük doğum ağırlıklı (<1500 gr) ve preterm yenidoğanlarda (<32 hafta) görülen, gözde retinal damarların anormal gelişimine bağlı oluşan bir hastalıktır. Gözde miyopi, retina dekolmanı, ambliyopi, strabismus, makula ektopisi, pupilla bloğu ve tam körlük gibi çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olan ROP, yapılan göz muayeneleriyle erken dönemde belirlenip tedavi edilebilmektedir. ROP muayenesi topikal anestezik damlalar kullanılarak uygulansa da yapılan çalışmalar işlem sırasında yenidoğanların yüksek ağrı çektiklerini bildirmektedir. Ağrının en az düzeye indirilmesi ya da giderilmesi her yenidoğanın en doğal hakkıdır ve multidisipliner bir ekip yaklaşımı gerektirir. Yenidoğanın ağrısının azaltılması ya da giderilmesinde çeşitli farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik yöntemler kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada ROP muayenesi yapılan preterm yenidoğanlarda ağrı yönetiminde kullanılan farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik yöntemler tartışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda sağlık profesyonelleri bu yöntemlerden etkinliği kanıtlanmış olanları uygulamalı ve yenidoğanda ağrıyı azaltmada kanıta dayalı uygulamalara ve uygulamaların etkinliğini değerlendiren çalışmalara yer vermelidirler

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağrı, ağrı yönetimi, prematüre retinopatisi

Pan Management in Retinopathy of Prematurity Examination

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease seen in preterm newborns (below 32 weeks) with birth weights below 1500 gm caused by abnormal development of eye retinal vessels. ROP, which causes various complications such as eye myopia, retinal detachment, amblyopia, strabismus, macular ectopia, pupillary block and complete blindness, can be diagnosed and treated early with eye examinations. Although ROP examinations are performed using by topical anesthetics and eye drops that dilate the eyebrows, studies have shown that newborns suffer from high pain during the procedure. Minimizing or eliminating the pain is the most natural right of every newborn and requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Various pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods can be used to reduce or eliminate neonatal pain. In this study, pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods used in pain management in preterm newborns who have undergone ROP examination have been discussed in the light of the results of the evidence-based research on the subject. To this end, nurses should apply the methods effectiveness of which have been proven and evidence-based study practices in reducing neonatal pain and in assessing the effectiveness of the application.

Keywords:

Pain, pain management, retinopathy of prematurity,

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