İnsanlığa Karşı Suçlarda Sosyal Kimlik Motivasyonu Üzerine Mantıksal Bir Yaklaşım

İnsanlığa karşı suçlar, II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Ancak kavramsal ve terimsel olarak bakıldığında, II. Dünya Savaşı öncesine uzanan bir süreçle karşılaşırız. Bu suçlarla tabir edilen fiiller için “insanlığı” referans alan bir tanımlama yapılması, kavramın çeşitli açılardan sınanması ile mümkündür. Çünkü tanım, kavramı oluşturmak ve güçlendirmek için zorunlu bir mantık aracıdır. Gerek tarihsel ve teorik açıdan, gerekse yargısal uygulamalar bağlamında insanlığa karşı suçlar, tutarsız bir kavrama işaret etmektedir. Aslında bu tutarsızlık, yetkin ceza hukuku yazarları tarafından insanlığa karşı suçların tanımı açısından sakıncalar barındırdığı yönüyle ifade edilmiştir. Çalışma, kavramdaki kusurları analiz ederken klasik mantığın tanımlar için sunduğu bir takım prensiplerden hareket etmektedir. Bu analizin sonucunda insanlığa karşı suçlar olarak tabir edilen fiillerde belirgin bir sosyal kimlik saiki bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal kimlik yaklaşımı, bireylerin grup içindeki bilişsel ve davranışsal durumlarında belirli korelasyonlar kurulabileceğini kabul eder. Bu korelasyonlar bize grup davranışının ortaya çıkışı ve sürdürülebilirliği, sosyal grupların ihtiyaçları, bireysel kimliklerle ve sosyal kohezyonla olan ilişkisi noktasında fikir yürütme imkânı tanır. İnsanlığa karşı suçlar basit anlamda ayrımcılık zeminine indirgendiğinde, ayrımcılık ise sosyal kimlik temelli davranışlar olarak ifade edildiğinde sosyal grupların önemi ortaya çıkacaktır. Başka bir anlatımla sosyal gruplar, sosyal kimlikleri inşa ederek insanlığa karşı suçlarda failin referansı olan ön kabulleri belirler. Çalışma bu bağlamı tespit ederek insanlığa karşı suç tabirindeki fiillerin, aslında ilgili suçlarda sosyal kimlik motivasyonu şeklinde tezahür eden nitelikli haller olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sosyal kimlik inşasında devletlere özel inşa süreçleri söz konusu olduğundan, test edilebilir sosyal psikoloji verilerini referans alan ulusal düzeyde normatif ve yargısal bir sistem önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsanlığa karşı suçlar, uluslararası ceza hukuku, kriminoloji, suç tanımı, nitelikli hal, hukuk güvenliği, sosyal kimlik teorisi, sosyal psikoloji, sosyal kimlik saiki, inşacılık, diyalektik mantık

A Logical Approach to the Effect of Social Identity Motivation in Crimes Against Humanity

After World War II, crimes against humanity found application in the international and national level. If we look conceptually and terminologically, we encounter a process that goes back to World War II. It is possible to make a “definition” that refers to “humanity” for the actions that these crimes refer to, by testing them from various perspectives because a definition is a compulsory tool of logic to create and strengthen the concept. Crimes against humanity, both historically, theoretically, and in the context of judicial practices, point to an inconsistent concept. Indeed, this inconsistency was expressed by competent criminal law jurists in the sense that the definition of crimes against humanity has drawbacks. Based on this, the study is grounded on a set of principles that classical logic offers for definitions while analyzing the drawbacks of the concept. As a result of this analysis, the study found that there is a clear social identity motive in acts called crimes against humanity. The social identity approach recognizes that certain correlations can be established in the cognitive and behavioral states of individuals within a group. These correlations allow us to have an idea about the emergence and sustainability of group behavior, the needs of social groups, their relationship with individual identities and social cohesion. When crimes against humanity are simply reduced to the grounds of discrimination, and discrimination is expressed as social identity-based behavior, the importance of social groups will emerge. In other words, social groups, by constructing the social identities, determine the presumptions that are the reference of the perpetrator in crimes against humanity. The study identifies this context and reveals that the acts of crime against humanity are actually qualified forms of the relevant offenses that manifest the social identity motivation. Since states have specific construction processes of social identities, a normative and judicial system based on testable social psychology data is recommended at the national level.

Keywords:

Crimes against humanity, international criminal law, criminology, the definition of crime, qualified form, the certainty of law, social identity theory, social psychology, social identity motive, constructivism, dialectical logic,

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