Ruhsal Hastalığı Olan Ebeveynle Yaşamak

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ruhsal hastalığı olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının yaşam deneyimlerinin araştırıldığı kalitatif çalışmaları tanımlamak ve sistematik olarak incelemektir. Bu çalışma, ebeveyninde ruhsal hastalık olan çocukların benzer dramatik deneyimler yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. Bu deneyimlerin çocukların baş etme becerisi geliştirmesi, zorlayıcı yaşam olaylarına dayanıklılık göstermesi ve ruh sağlığını koruması yönünden olumsuz etkileri olabilmektedir. Tüm bu olumsuzluklara karşın, bazı çocukların erken olgunlaşma ve içsel gelişim nedeniyle, özgüvenlerinin geliştiği, bağımsızlıklarının arttığı ve daha dayanıklı oldukları da belirtilmektedir. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, ruhsal hastalığı olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarını ve diğer aile üyelerini bilgilendirecek, baş etme becerilerini güçlendirecek, mevcut hizmetlere ulaşımı kolaylaştıracak bir dizi müdahale programının oluşturulmasının ve bu programları yürütecek özel bir insan gücü yetiştirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymuştur.

Living with Mentally Ill Parent

The present review seeks to identify and analyze qualitative studies that examined experiences of children whose parents have a mental illness. This study reported that children whose parents have a mental illness had some common experiences. These experiences may have negative effects on children's coping skills, resilience to tough living conditions and ability to maintain their mental health. In spite of these negative conditions, some of these children have much more self-confidence, resilience and independence because of inner development and early maturation. Some effective intervention programs are needed to promote information to children and other family members about mental illness, coping behaviors. Availability of such psychiatric services and nation-wide programs with professionals to deal with these problems should be organized properly to increase quality of life of these children. Furthermore, qualitative researches that explore the experiences of children whose parents with mental illness should also be conducted in our country.

___

  • Gültekin BK. Ruhsal bozuklukların önlenmesi: Kavramsal çerçeve ve sınıflandırma. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:583-594.
  • Chien WT. Effectiveness of psychoeducation and mutual support group program for family caregivers of chinese people with schizophrenia. Open Nurs J 2008; 2:28-39.
  • Pölkki P, Ervast SA, Huupponen M. Coping and resilience of children of a mentally ill parent. Soc Work Health Care 2004; 39:151-163.
  • Bassett H, Lampe J, Lloyd C. Parenting: Experiences and feelings of parents with a mental illness. J Ment Health 1999; 8:597-604.
  • Nathiel S. Daughters of Madness: Growing Up and Older with a Mentally Ill Mother. Santa Barbara, Praeger, 2007.
  • Boyd MA. Family assessment and interventions, In Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary Practice, 4th edition (Ed MA Boyd):291-304. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 2008.
  • Pretis M, Dimova A. Vulnerable children of mentally ill parents: towards evidence- based support for improving resilience. Support for Learning 2008; 23:152-159.
  • Mason C, Subedi S, Davis R. Clients with mental illness and their children: Implications for clinical practice. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2007; 28:1105-1123.
  • Knutsson-Medin L, Edlund B, Ramklint M. Experiences in a group of grown-up children of mentally ill parents. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2007; 14:744-752.
  • Singleton L. Parental mental illness: The effects on children and their needs. Br J Nurs 2007; 16:847-850.
  • Foster K, O’Brien L, McAllister M. Adressing the needs of children of parents with a mental illness: Current approaches. Contemp Nurse 2005; 18:67-80.
  • Mowbray CT, Bybee D, Oyserman D, MacFarlane P, Bowersox N. Psychosocial outcomes for adult children of parents with severe mental illnesses:demographic and clinical history predictors. Health Soc Work 2006; 31:99-108.
  • O’Connell KLC. What can we learn? Adult outcomes in children of seriously mentally ill mothers. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2008; 21:89-104.
  • Mowbray CT, Bybee D, Oyserman D, Allen-Meares P, MacFarlane P, Hart- Johnson T. Diversity of outcomes among adolescent children of mothers with mental illness. J Emot Behav Disord 2004; 12:206-221.
  • Meadus RJ, Johnson B. The experience of being an adolescent child of a parent who has a mood disorder. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2000; 7:383-390.
  • Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Phenomenology as a Method: Qualitative Research in Nursing. 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 1999.
  • Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Undertaking Systematic Reviews of Research on Effectiveness: CRD’s Guidance for those Carrying out or Commisioning Reviews. CRD report. York, York Publishing Services, 2009.
  • Dixon-Woods M, Bonas A, Booth A, Jones DR, Miller T, Sutton AJ et al. How can systematic reviews incorporate qualitative research? A critical perspective. Qual Res 2006; 6:27-44.
  • Mordoch E, Hall AV. Children’s perceptions of living with a parent with a mental illness:Finfding the rhytm and maintining the frame. Qual Health Res 2008; 18:1127-1144.
  • Garley D, Gallop R, Johnston N. Children of the mentally ill: A qualitative focus group approach. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 1997; 4:97-103.
  • Handley C, Farrell GA, Josephs A, Hanke A, Hazelton M. The Tasmanian children’s Project: The needs of children with a parent/carer with a mental illness. Aust N Z J Ment Health Nurs 2001; 10:221-228.
  • Beardslee WR, Podorefsky D. Resilient adolescents whose parents have serious affective and other psychiatric disorders: Importance of self-understanding and relationships. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 63-66.
  • Stallard P, Norman P, Dickens SH, Salter E, Cribb C. The effects of parental mental illness upon children: A descriptive study of the views of parents and children. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004; 9:39-52.
  • Riebschleger J. Good Days and Bad Days: The experiences of children of a parent with a psychiatric disability. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2004; 28:25-31.
  • Valiakalayil A, Paulson LA, Tibbo P. Burden in adolescent children of parents with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39:528-535.
  • Kinsella KB, Anderson RA, Anderson WT. Coping skillls, strengths, and needs as perceived by adult offspring and siblings of people with mental illness: A retrospective study. Psychiatr Rehabil J 1996; 20:24 -33
  • Webster J. Split in two: Experiences of the children of schizophrenic mothers. Br J Soc Work 1992; 22:309-329.
  • Dunn B. Growing up with a psychotic mother: a retrospective study. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1993; 63:177-189.
  • Cooklin A Talking with children and their understanding of mental illness. In Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and Their Families, 2nd edition. (Eds M Gopfert, J Webster, MV Seeman):292-304. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Mahoney L. Children living with a mentally ill parent: The role of public health nurses. Nurs Prax N Z 2010; 26:4-13.
  • Korhonen T, Pietila AM, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K. Are the children of the clients’ visible or invisible for nurses in adult psychiatry? a questionnaire survey. Scand J Caring Sci 2010; 24:65-74.
  • Akdemir D, Gökler B. Bipolar duygudurum bozukluğu olan anne babaların çocukla- rında psikopatoloji. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008; 19:133-140.
  • Sefasi A, Crumlish N, Samalani P, Kinsella A, O'Callaghan E, Chilale H. A little knowledge: caregiver burden in schizophrenia in Malawi. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008; 43:160-164.
  • Sherman DM, Sherman DM. I'm Not Alone: A Teen's Guide to Living with a Parent Who Has a Mental Illness. Minnesota, Beaver Pond Publishing, 2006.
  • Mordoch E, Hall AW. Children living with a parent who has a mental illness: a critical analysis of the literature and research implications. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2002; 16:208-216.
  • Smith M. Parental mental health: disruptions to parenting and outcomes for children. Child & Family Social Work 2004; 9:3-11.
  • Orel NA, Groves PA, Shannon L. Positive Connections: a programme for children who have a parent with mental illness. Child & Family Social Work. 2003; 8:113- 122.
  • Brown M, Roberts DP. Growing Up with a Schizophrenic Mother. Jefferson, NC, , McFarland, 2000.
  • Cooklin A, Barnes GG. Family therapy when a parent suffers from psychiatric disorder. In Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and Their Families, 2nd edition. (Eds M Gopfert, J Webster, MV Seeman):306-321. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Aldridge J, Becker S. Children Caring for Parents with Mental Illness. Bristol, UK, Policy Press, 2003.
  • Velleman O. Alcohol and drug problems in parents: an overview of the impact on children and implications for practice. In Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and Their Families, 2nd edition. (Eds M Gopfert, J Webster, MV Seeman):188-190. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Caton CL, Cournos F, Felix A, Wyatt RJ.Childhood experiences and current adjustment of offspring of indigent patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 1998; 49:86-90.
  • Somers V. Schizophrenia: The impact of parental illness on children. Br J Soc Work 2007; 37:1319-1334.
  • Ekdahl MC, Rice P, Schmidt WM. Children of parents hospitalized for mental illness. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1962; 52:428-435.
  • Hindle D. Growing up with a parent who has a chronic mental illness: one child’s perspective. Child & Family Social Work 1998; 3:259-266.
  • Östman M, Hansson L Children in families with a severely mentally ill member prevalence and needs for support. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2002; 37:243- 248.
  • Cook JA. Who "mothers" the chronically mentally ill? Fam Relat 1988; 7:42-49.
  • Diaz CA, Johnson S. The views and experiences of severely mentally ill mothers-a qualitative study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39:472-482.
  • Wong D. Stres factors and mental health carers with relatives suffering from schizophrenia in Hong Kong: Implications for culturally sensitive practices. Br J Soc Work 2000; 30:365-382.
  • Boye B, Bentsen H, Ulstein I, Notland TH, Lersbrygegen A, Lingjaerde O et al. Relatives’distress and patients’ symptoms and behaviours: A prospective study of patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 104:42- 50.
  • Baistow K. Supporting families with a mentally ıll parent: European perspectives on interagency cooperation. Child Abuse Review 2001; 10:351-365.