Türkiye’nin Enerji Etkinliği ve OECD ve BRICS Ülkeleri Arasındaki Göreli Konumu

Enerjiye olan talep günden güne artmaktadır ve aynı zamanda ekonomi de bu büyüme ile ele alınacak önemli bir konudur. Bu bakımdan, birçok ülke enerji yoğunluğunu (birim ekonomik çıktı için harcanan veya tüketilen enerji) azaltmak için önemli roller üstlenmektedir halbuki bu değişken uluslar arası karşılaştırmalar için sadece tek bir faktördür. Enerji yoğunluğu ile birlikte birçok parametre içeren bu çalışma ülkelerin enerji etkinliğini ölçmektedir ve bu ülkeler arasında Türkiye’nin konumunu belirlemektedir. Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) çoklu girdi ve çıktı kullanarak benzer türden karar verme birimleri (KVB) için etkinlik değerlendirme amaçlı kullanılan parametrik olmayan bir yöntemdir. Analizlerde, 2009–2013 dönemi için OECD ve BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, Güney Afrika) ülkeleri kullanılmıştır. Bu dönem için, VZA analizlerinin dinamik seyrini izlemek üzere Malmquist verimlilik endeksi (MVE) yöntemi de kullanılmıştır. OECD (Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü) ve BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika) ülkelerinin etkinlik analizi 2009 yılından 2013 yılına kadar yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar göre, etkin ülkeler OECD grubu ülkeler içerisindedir ve ortalama MVE ise dönem boyunca %1.4 kötüleşmiştir. OECD üyesi bir ülke olan Türkiye 0.048 değeri ile etkin bir ülke değildir ve MVE değeri tüm dönem boyunca %4.5 kötüleşmiştir. Çünkü enerji ithalatı Türkiye için son yıllarda önemli bir tehdit haline gelmiş olup, bulgular Türkiye’nin göreli konumunu görmede ve tedbir almasında yardımcı olacaktır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’nin etkinliğini arttırması için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Turkey’s energy efficiency and its relative position against OECD and BRICS countries

The demand for energy is growing day by day, and at the same time economy is an important issue to be handled with this growing.In this respect, many countries are undertaking significant roles to decline their energy intensities (energy supply or consumptionper unit of economic output) whereas this variable may be single factor for the international comparisons. This study includingmany factors with the energy intensity measures energy efficiency of countries and positions Turkey among them. Dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) using multiple input and outputs is a non-parametric technique for the efficiency evaluation of a setof decision making units (DMUs). In the analyzes, the OECD and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, Democratic People of China andSouth Africa) countries were used for 2009–2013 period. For this period, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) method was alsoused to observe the dynamic progress of DEA analyzes. The efficiency analysis of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries is conducted from 2009 to 2013. Accordingto the results, the efficient countries are members of the OECD group and MPI of an average country worsens 1.4% over the period.As a member of OECD, Turkey is not efficient country with the score of 0.048 and Turkey’s MPI also worsens 4.5% for the wholeperiod. Because the energy imports have become a threat to Turkey’s economy in recent years, the findings will be helpful guidancein seeing its relative position and in taking precautions. As a result of this study, it is given some suggestions to increase theefficiency of Turkey in the model.

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