Toz Metalurjisi Yöntemiyle Üretilen Aluminyum-7xxx Serisi Alaşımlarının Fiziksel Özellikleri
Alumix-431 malzemeleri; oda sıcaklığında (RT) ve 50,80°C sıcaklıklarında 350-400MPa basınç uygulayarak soğuk ve sıcak presleme yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. Malzemelerin yoğunluk ölçümleri yapılmıştır ve termoelektrik ölçümleri He atmosferi altında 5-300K sıcalık aralığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Termoelektrik ölçümlerinde sonuçlar maksimum elektriksel öz direnç ve maksimum termal öz iletkenlik sırasıyla 285-295K sıcaklık aralığında Alumix-431-1 malzemesinde 0.161Ωm ve Alumix-431-6 malzemesinde 24.31W/Km olarak kaydedilmiştir. Minimum elektriksel öz direnç ve termal öz iletkenlik sırasıyla Alumix-431-6 ve Alumix-431- 1 malzemelerinde elde edilmiştir. Seebeck katsayısı taşıyıcıların yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak pozitif değerden negative değere değişim göstermiştir. Maksimum performans katsayısı Alumix-431-1 alaşımında 96.904K sıcaklığında 1.871×10 -2 olarak saptanmıştır.
The Physical Properties Of Aluminium-7xxx Series Alloys Produced By Powder Metallurgy Method
Alumix-431 materialswere prepared by cold and warm compaction method applying 350-400 MPa pressures at RT (room temperature) 50 and 80°C temperatures. The density measurements of materials were performed; the thermoelectric properties of materials were investigated at 5-300K under the He atmosphere, and the relationship between the measurements and sample properties was examined. The measurements of thermoelectric properties showed that maximum resistivity [Alumix -431-1] and thermal conductivity [Alumix -431-6] values were obtained 0.161Ωm and 24.31W/Km, respectively at 285-295K temperature ranges and minimum electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity values were obtained on Alumix-431-6 and Alumix-431-1 samples, respectively. It was observed that Seebeck coefficient values varied mostly from negative sign to positive sign indicated dominate from carriers. The maximum Figure of merit value was determined as 18.71×10-2; on the Alumix-431-5 alloy at 96.904K
___
- Rahman M.M., Nor S.S.M. and Rahman H.Y., Technical Report, ‘’Investigation on the effect of
lubrication and forming parameters to the green compact
generated from iron powder through warm forming
route‘’, Materials and Design, 32: 447-452,(2011)
- Melúch L., ‘’Warm compaction of aluminum alloy
alumix 123‘’, Thesis of Doctoral of Philosophy,
University of Birmingham, page 237,(2009)
- Jafar-Salehi E., Ghasempoor A. and Eslamian
M.,‘’Experimental study and predictive modelling of cold
compaction green density in powder metallurgy of
stainless steel components‘’, Powder Metallurgy, 56: 3,
208-215,(2013)
- Cao G., Zhang Q. and Brinker C.J., ‘’Annual review of
nano research ’’ Volume 3, World Scientific Publishing,
Singapore, page 568, (2010)
- Rahman M.M., Ariffin A.K., Nor S.S.M. and Rahman
H.Y.,‘’Powder material parameters establishment
through warm forming route‘’, Materials and Design 32:
264-271, (2011)
- Bhuiyan M.H., Kim T.-S. Koo J.M. and Hong S.-J.,
‘’Microstructural behavior of the heat treated n-type 95%
Bi 2 Te 3 –5% Bi 2 Se 3 gas atomized thermoelectric
powders‘’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509:
1722–1728,(2011)
- Zevalkink A., Toberer E. S., Zeier W. G., Flage-Larsen
E. and Snyder G.J.,‘’Ca 3 AlSb 3 : An inexpensive, non-
toxic thermoelectric material for waste heat recovery‘’,
Energy Environ.Sci., 4: 510-518, (2011)
- Ohta H., Sugiura K. and Koumoto K., ‘’Recent Progress
in
Oxide
Thermoelectric
Materials:
p-Type
Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 and n-Type SrTiO 3 − ‘’Inorg. Chem.,47, 8429–
8436, (2008)
- Snyder G.-J. and Toberer E.S., ‘’Complex thermoelectric
materials‘’, Nature Materials, vol.7.: 105-114,(2008)
- Fang S.F., Wang M.P. and Song M.,‘’An approach for the
aging process optimization of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu series
alloys‘’. Materials and Design, vol. 30:2460-246, (2009)
- Jia Y., Cao F., Ning Z., Guo S., Ma P. and Sun J.,
‘’Influence of second phases on mechanical properties of
spray deposited Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy‘’. Materials and
Design, vol. 40: 536-540, (2012)
- Liu Y., Jiang D., Li B., Yang W. and Hu J., ‘’Effect of
cooling aging on microstructure and mechanical
properties of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy‘’, Materials and
Design, vol. 57: 79-86, (2014)
- Ekşi A.,Veltl G., Petzoldt F., Lipp K. and Sonsino C.M.,
‘’ Tensile and fatigue properties of cold and warm
compacted alumix 431 alloy‘’, Powder Metallurgy,
200A, vol 47, no.1: 60-64, (2004)
- Feng W., Baiqing X., Yongan Z., Hongwei L., and
Xiaoqing H. ‘’ Microstructural development of spray
deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during subsequent
porosity‘’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds,477: 616-
621, (2009)
- Xue W., Wang–Tian H., and Lai Y., ‘’Corrosion
behaviour and galvanic studies of microscopic oxidation
films on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy‘’, Surface ad Coatings
Technology 201: 8695-8701, (2007)
- Mola
R.,
‘’Fabrication
and
microstructural
characterization of Al/Zn enriched layers on pure
magnesium‘’, Material Characterization,78: 121-128,
(2013)
- Ferragut R.,Somoza A. and
Torriani I., ‘’Pre-
precipitation study in the 7012 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy by
electrical
resistivity‘’,
Material
Science
and
Engineering, A334:1-5, (2002)
- Guyot P. and Gottigines L., ‘’Precipitation kinetics,
mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of
AlZnMgCu alloys‘’, Acta Mater vol.44, no 10: 4161-
4167, (1996).
- Salazar-Guapuriche M.A., Zhao Y.Y., Pitman A., and
Greene A.,‘’Correlation of strength with hardness and
electrical conductivity for aluminum alloy 7010‘’,
Materials Science Forum, vols 519-521:853-858, (2006)
- Massadier V., Epicier T. and Merle P., ‘’Correlation
between the microstructural evolution of a 6061
aluminum alloy and the evolution of its thermoelectric
power‘’, Acta Mater., 48,:2911-2924,(2000)
- Sun D., Sun X.-C. and Northwood D.O., Sokolowski J.-
H.,‘’Thermoelectric power characterization of a 2024
aluminum alloy during solution treatment and aging‘’,
Materials Characterization 36:83-92, (1996)
- Ahiska R. and Ahiska K., ‘’New method for ınvestigation
of parameters of real thermoelectric modules‘’, Energy
Conversion and Management 51:338–345, (2010)
- Ahiska R. , Ahiska G. and Ahiska K., ‘’Analysis of a
new method for measurement of parameters of real
thermoelectric module employed in medical cooler for
renal hypothermia‘’, Instrumentation Science and
Technology, 37: 102–123, (2009)
- Ahiska R., ‘’New method for ınvestigation of dynamic
parameters of thermoelectric modules‘’, Turk J Elec
Engin, Vol.15, No.1,51-65 (2007).
- Sebek J. and Santava E., ‘’Influence of the sample
mounting on thermal conductance measurements using
PPMS TTO option‘’, Journal of Physics: Conference
Series,150:012044,1-4, (2009)
- Borup K.A., Boor J. de. Wang H., Drymiotis F., Gascoin
F., Shi X., Chen L., Fedorov M.I., Müller E., Iversen B.B.
and Snyder G.J., ‘’Measuring thermoelectric transport
properties of materials‘’, Energy Environ. Sci., 8: 423–
435, (2015)
- Hettinger J.D., Lofland S.E., Finkel P.,Meehan T., Palma
J., Harrell K.,1 Gupta S., Ganguly A., El-Raghy T. and
Barsoum M.W.,‘’Electrical transport, thermal transport,
and elastic properties of M 2 AlC (M=Ti, Cr, Nb, and V) ‘’
Physical Review B, 72:115120, (2005)
-
Physical Property Measurement System Resistivity
Option User’s Manual, Quantum Design s.48
- Rudianto H., Joo J.K., Sun Y.S., Jin K.Y. and Diouhy I.,
‘’Mechanical properties of sintered of Al-5.5Zn-2.5Mg-
0.5Cu PM Alloy‘’, Materials Science Forum, vols 794-
796: 501-507,(2014)
- Liu Z.Y., Sercombe T.B. and Schaffer G.B., ‘’The effect
of particle shape on the sintering of aluminum ‘’, Metall.
Mater. Trans. A38: 1351–1357,(2007)
- Buranasrisak P. and Narasingha M.P., ‘’Effects of
particle size distribution and Packing characteristics on
the preparation of highly-loaded coal-water slurry‘’,
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and
Applications, vol. 3, no. 1: 31-35, (2012)
- Naeem H.T., Mohammad K.S., Ahmad K.R. and Rahmat
A.,‘’Characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with nickel
additives synthesized via mechanical alloying, cold Compaction and heat treatment‘’, Arap J.Sci. Eng., 39:
9039-9048, (2014)
- LaDelpha A.D.P., Neubing H. and Bishop D.P.,
‘’Metallurgical assessment of an emerging Al-Zn-Mg-Cu
P/M alloy‘’, Materials Science and Engineering, A 520
:105-113, (2009)
- Mondal C. and Mukhopadyay A.K., ‘’On the nature of
T(Al 2 Mg 3 Zn 3 ) and S(Al 2 CuMg)phases present in as-cast
and annealed 7055 aluminum alloy‘’, Materials Science
and Engineering, A391:367-376, (2005)
- Rudianto H., Jang G.J., Yang S.S., Kim, Y.J. and Dlouhy
I., ‘’Evaluation of sintering behavior of premix Al-Zn-
Mg-Cu alloy powder‘’, Advances in Materials Science
and Engineering, volume 2015: 987687, 1-8, (2015)
- Rudianto H., Jang G.J., Yang S.S., Kim Y.J.and Dlouhy
I., ‘’Effect of SiC particles on sinterability of Al-Zn-Mg-
Cu P/M alloy‘’, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials,
volume 60, ıssue 2 :1383-1385,(2015)
- Mazzer E.M., Alfonso C.R.M., Galano M., Kiminami
C.S. and Bolfarini C., ‘’Microstructure evolution and
mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy
reprocessed by spray-forming and heat treated at peak
aged condition‘’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds,
579: 169–173,(2013)
- Shokrollahi H. and Janghorban K., ‘’Effect on warm
compaction on the magnetic and electrical properties of
Fe-based soft magnetic composites‘’, Journal of
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 313:182-186,
(2007)
- Feng S.-S., Geng H.-R. and Guo Zh.- Q., ‘’Effect of
lubricants on warm compaction process of Cu-based
composite‘’, Composites: Part B, 43: 933–939,(2012)
- İynen, O., ‘’The influence of sintering and shot peenıng
processes on Alumix 431 Powder materials‘’, Master
Thesis, Çukurova University, Institute of Natural and
Applied Sciences, (2009)
- Gökmeşe G. and Bostan B.,‘’AA 2014 alaşımında
presleme ve sinterlemenin gözenek morfolojisi ve
mikroyapısal özelliklere etkileri‘’,Gazi Üniversitesi Fen
Bilimleri Dergisi,Part:C, Tasarım Ve Teknoloji GU J
Sci Part:C 1[1]:1-8, (2013)
- Callister, W.D. Jr. and Rethwisch D.G., ‘’Material
science and engineering‘’, Eight Edition, XXVI John
Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd. USA, page 974, (2011)
- Aksan M.A.,Güldeste A., Balcı Y. and
Yakıncı
M.E.,‘’Degradation of superconducting properties in
MgB 2 by Cu addition ‘’, Solid State Communications,
137: 320–325, (2006)
- Aksan M.A., Altın S., Balcı Y. and Yakıncı M.E.,
‘’Structural characterization and transport properties of
the HT c Bi 2 Sr 2 (Ca,Cd)Cu 2 O 8+δ glass-ceramic rods‘’,
Materials Chemistry and Physics 106: 428-436, (2007)
- Smontara A., Smiljanić I., Bilušić A., Jagličić Z.,
Klanjšek M., Roitsch S., Dolinšek J. and Feuerbacher M.,
‘’Electrical, magnetic, thermal and thermoelectric
properties of the “Bergman phase” Mg 32 (Al,Zn) 49
complex metallic alloy‘’, Journal of Alloys and
Compounds 430: 29–38, (2007)
- Gormani M.A., Raza S.M., Farooqui N., Ashfaq M. and
Ahmed M.A., ‘’On thermally activated electrical
resistivity in metallic glasses‘’, Solid State
Communkations, vol. 95, no. 5: 329-333, (1995)
- Tani J.-I. and Kido H.,‘’Thermoelectric properties of Al-
doped Mg 2 Si 1-x Sn x [x≤0.1]‘’, Journal of Alloys and
Compounds, 466: 335-340, (2008)
- Rana R. and Liu C., ‘’Thermoelectric power in low-
density
interstitial-free
ıron-aluminum
alloys‘’,
Philosophical Magazine Letters, Vol. 93, No. 9: 502–
511, (2013)
- Sang S., Wang J., Xu B., Lei X., Jiang H., Zhang Q., and
Ren Z., ‘’Thermoelectric properties of n-type
Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 with addition of nano ZnO:Al Particles‘’,
Materials Research Express 1:035901, 1-8, (2014)
- Elsheikh M.H., Shnawah D.A., Sabri M.F.M., Said
S.B.M., Hassan M.H., Bashir M.B.A. and Mohamad M.,
‘’A review on thermoelectric renewable energy: principle
parameters that affect their performance‘’, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30 :337–355, (2014)
- Cheng H., Xu X.J., Hng H. and Ma J., ‘’Characterization
of Al-doped ZnO thermoelectric materials prepared by
RF plasma powder processing and hot press sintering‘’,
Ceramics International, 35 :3067-3072, (2009)
- Krishna S.C., Supriya A.K., Pant B., Sharma S.C., and
George K.M., ‘’ Thermal conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti
alloy in
the temperature
range
of 300–873K‘’,International Scholarly Research Network
ISRN Metallurgy, Volume 2012: 580659, 4 pages,
(2012)
- He Z., Platzek D., Stieve C., Chen H., Karpinski G., and
Müller E., ‘’Thermoelectric properties of hot-pressed Al-
and Co-doped ıron disilicide materials‘’, Journal of
Alloys and Compounds, 438: 303–309, (2007)
- Broudouy B. and Four A. ‘’Low temperature thermal
conductivity of aluminum alloy 5056‘’, Cryogenics,
60:1-4, (2014)
- Kuo Y.K., Lue C.S., Hsu G., Huang J.Y. and Hsieh H.L.,
‘’ Investigation of Al substitution on the thermoelectric
properties of SrSi 2 ‘’, Materials Chemistry and
Physics,137: 604-607, (2012)
- Pan L., Qin X.Y., Xin H.X., Song C.J., Wang Q., Sun
J.H., and Sun R.R., ‘’ Effect of silicon condition on
thermoelectric properties of bulk Zn 4 Sb 3 at low
temperatures‘’, Solid State Science, 12: 1511-1515,
(2010)