Review of $SiC_f$/SiC composites for fision reactors

$SiC_f$/SiC kompozitleri 14 MeV'lik nötron ışıması altında oluşan düşük radyoaktivitelerinden, yüksek sıcaklık dayanımlarından ve düşük aktivasyon özelliklerinden dolayı fuzyon reaktörleri için aday yapı malzemesi olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu malzemelerin kullanımı ısıl iletkenlik, ışınım kararlılığı, sızdırmazlık, fuzyon ortamı ile kimyasal uyumluluk gibi bazı önemli problemleri çözmek için yoğun bir araştırma ve geliştirmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı yeni $SiC_f$/SiC kompozitlerinin özellikleri, ışıma davranımı, ve malzeme geliştirilmesindeki mevcut araştırmaların genel bir incelemesini sunmaktır.

Füzyon reaktörleri için $SiC_f$/SiC kompozitlerinin incelenmesi

$SiC_f$/SiC composites are being considered as a candidate structural material for fusion reactors due to their low induced radioactivity by 14 MeV neutron irradiation, high temperature strength and low activation properties. Use of these materials need a strong research and development effort in order to solve some critical issues such as thermal conductivity, radiation stability, hermeticity, chemical compatibility with the fusion environment. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of current research in material development, properties and irradiation response of new $SiC_f$/SiC composites.

___

  • 1. Kohyama, A., Seki, M., Abe, K., Muroga, T., Matsui, H., Jitsukawa, S., Matsuda, S., Interactions Between Fusion Materials R&D and Other Technologies, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 283-287, 20-27, 2000.
  • 2. Hasegawa, A., Kohyama, A., Jones, R.H., Snead, L.L., Riccardi, B., Fenici, P., Critical Issues and Current Status of SiC/SiC Composites for Fusion, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 283-287, 128-137, 2000.
  • 3. Jones, R.H., Henager, C.H., Fusion Reactor Application Issues for Low Activation SiC/SiC Composites, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 219, 55-62, 1995.
  • 4. Riccardi, B., Fenici, P., Frias Rebelo, A., Giancarli, L., Le Marois, G., Philippe, E., Status of the European R&D Activities on SiCf/SiC Composites for Fusion Reactors, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 51-52, 11-22,2000.
  • 5. Seki, Y., Tabara, T., Aoki, I., Ueda, S., Nishio, S., Kurihara, R., Impact of Low Activation Materials on Fusion Reactor Design, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 258-263, 1791-1797, 1998.
  • 6. Aiello, G., Golfier, H., Maire, J.-F., Poitevin, Y., Salavy, J.-F., Modeling of $SiC_f$/SiC Composite Structures for nuclear Components, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 51-52,73-79,2000.
  • 7. Şahin, S., Şahinaslan, A., Şahin, H.M., Elimination of the Coil Shielding for MFE-Reactors Through a Liquid-Protected First- Wall, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (in press), 2002.
  • 8. Raffray, A. R., El-Guebaly, L., Gordeev, S., Malang, S., Mogahed, E., Najmabadi, F., Sviatoslavsky, I., Sze, D. K., Tillack, M. S., Wang, X., and the ARIES Team, High Performance Blanket for ARIES-AT Power Plant, Proc. 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 2000, Madrid, Spain.
  • 9. Ueda, S., Nishio, S., Seki, Y., Kurihara, R., Adachi, J., Yamazaki, S., Dream Design Team, a Fusion Power Reactor Concept Using SiC/SiC composites, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 258-263, 1589-1593, 1998.
  • 10. Ueda, S., Nishio, S., Yamada, R., Seki, Y., Kurihara, R., Adachi, J., Yamazaki, S., Dream Design Team, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 48, 521-526, 2000.
  • 11. Nishio, S., Ueda, S., Aoki, I., Kurihara, R., Kuroda, T., Miura, H., Kunugi, T., Seki, Y., Nagashima, T., Otha, M., Adachi, J., Yamazak, S., Kawaguchi, I., Hashimoto, T., Shiny a, K., Murakami, Y., Takase, H., Nakamura, T., Improved Tokamak Concept Focusing on Easy Maintenance, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 41, 357-364, 1998.
  • 12. Nishio, S., Ueda, S., Kurihara, R., Kuroda, T., Miura, H., Sako, K., Takase, H., Seki, Y., Adachi, J., Yamazaki, S., Hashimoto, T., Mori, S., Shinya, K., Murakami, Y., Senda, I., Okano, K., Asaoka, Y., Yoshida, T., Prototype Tokamak Fusion Reactor based on SiC/SiC Composite Material Focusing on Easy Maintenance, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 48, 271-279, 2000.
  • 13. Kurihara, R., Ueda, S., Nishio, S., Seki, Y., Fructure Mechanics Evaluation of a Crack Generated in SiC/SiC Composite First Wall, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 54, 465- 471,2001.
  • 14. Giancarli, L., Bonal, J.P., Caso, A., Le Marois, G., Morley, N.B., Salavy, J.F., Design Requirements for SiC/SiC Composites Structural Material in Fusion Power Reactor Blankets, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol.41, 165-171, 1998.
  • 15. El-Azab, A., Ghoniem, N.M., Mechanical Response and Fatigue Analysis of the First Wall Structure of the PROMETHEUS If E Reactor, Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 27, 536-543, 1995.
  • 16. Dyomina, E.V., Fenici, P., Kolotov, V.P., Zucchetti, M., Low-Activation Chacteristic of V-Alloys and SiC Composites, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 258-263, 1784-1790, 1998.
  • 17. Jones, R.H., Heinisch, H.L., McCarthy, K.A., Low Activation Materials, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 271-272, 518-525, 1999.
  • 18. Ehrlich, K., Bloom, E.E., Kondö, T., International Strategy for Fusion Materials Development, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 283-287, 79-88, 1998.
  • 19. Snead, L.L., Schwarz, O.J., Advanced SiC Composites for Fusion Applications, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 219, 3-14, 1998.
  • 20. Zinkle, S.J., Ghoniem, N.M., Operating Temperature Windows for Fusion Reactor Structural Materials, Fusion Engineering arid Design, vol. 51-52, 55-71, 2000.
  • 21. Kohyama, A., Kotani, M., Katoh, Y., Nakayasu, T., Sato, M., Yamamura, T., Okamura, K., High-Performance SiC/SiC Composites by improved PIP Processing With New Precursor Polymers, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol' 283-287, 565-569, 2000.
  • 22. Ferraris, M., Salvo, M., Isola, C., Montorsi, M.A., Kohyama, A., Glass-Ceramic Joining of SiC/SiC for Fusion applications, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 258-263, 1546-1550, 1998.
  • 23. Kowbel, W., Bruce, C.A., Tsou, K.L., Patel, K., Withers, J.C., Youngblood, G.E., High Thermal Conductivity SiC/SiC Composites for Fusion Applications, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 283-287, 570-573, 2000.
  • 24. Jones, R.H., Steiner, D., Heinisch, H.L., Newsome, G.A., and Kerch, H.M., Radiation Resistant Ceramic Matrix Composites, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 245, 1997.
  • 25. Jones, R.H. and Henager, C.H., Jr., Fusion Reactor Materials Semiannual Progress Report for Period Ending March 31, DOE/ER-0313/14,p.451, 1993.
  • 26. Holmes., J.W., Influence of Stress Ratio on the Elevated Temperature Fatigue of a Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composite, J.Am. Cer. Soc, vol.74, 1991.
  • 27. Chawla, N., Tur, Y., Holmes, J.W. and Barber, J.R., High Frequency Fatigue Behavior of Woven-Fiber-Fabric-Reinforced Polymer-Derived Ceramic Matrix Composites, J.Am, Cer. Soc. vol. 81 1999.
  • 28. Zhu, S., Mizuno, M., Kagawa, Y., Cao, J., Nagano, Y. and Kaya, H., Creep and Fatigue Behavior in Hi-Nicalon Fiber-Reinforced Silicon-Carbide Composites at high Temperatures, J. Am. Cer. Soc. vol.82 1999.
  • 29. Eckel, A.J., Gyekenyesi, J.Z., Halso, T.P. and Generazio, E.R., Thermal Stock of Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites,NAS ATM-103777, 1991.
  • 30. Wang H. and Singh, R., Ceramic Engineering and Science Proc, Cocoa Beach Meeting, 1994.
  • 31. Raffray, A.R., Jones, R., Aiello, G., Billone, M., Giancarli, L., Golfier, H., Hasegawa, A., Katoh, Y., Kohyama, A., Nishio, S., Riccardi, B., Tillack, M.S., Design and Material Issues for High Performance SiC/SiC-Based Fusion Power Cores, in press, Fusion Engineering and Design, 2001.
  • 32. Jones, R.H., Snead, L.L., Kohyama, A., Fenici, P., Recent Advances in the Development of SiC/SiC as a Fusion Structural Material.
  • 33. Hasegawa, A., Oliver, B. M., Nogami, S., Abe, K., Jones, R.H., Study of Helium Effects in SiC/SiC Composites Under Fusion Reactor Environment, Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 283-287, 811-815,2000.