Isı-Güç Kombine Sistemlerinde Kullanılan Kalina Çevriminin Enerji ve Ekserji Analizi

Küresel ısınmanın giderek arttığı ve hava kirliliğinin insan sağlığını hissedilebilir şekilde tehdit ettiği bugünlerde, enerjiye olan ihtiyaç da giderek artmaktadır. Bu nedenle sadece insanların enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak değil bunun yanında çevreyi tehdit eden unsurların da minimum seviyelere indirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için araştırmacılar farklı enerji üretim sistemleri üzerinde çalışmalar yapmakta ya da var olan tesislerin kapasitesini arttırmaktadır. Ancak, küresel ısınma ve hava kirliliğinin en önemli sebeplerinden biri olan endüstriyel atık ısı ve baca gazları atmosfere bırakılarak büyük bir enerji israfına sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kullanılmakta olan tesislerin iyileştirilmesi ve atık ısıların geri kazanımı hayati derecede önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kombine ısı-güç çevrimindeki orta derece sıcaklıktaki atık ısının geri dönüşümünü sağlamak için yeni bir metot olan Kalina çevrimi tasarlanmıştır. Sonrasında tasarlanmış olan Kalina çevriminin birinci ve ikinci kanun yönünden termodinamik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, maksimum ekserji yıkımı buharlaştırıcıda görülürken, Kalina çevriminin enerji verimi ve ekserji verimi sırasıyla yaklaşık %12 ve %27 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalina çevrimi, ısı-güç kombine sistemi, enerji, ekserji, atık ısı geri kazanımı

Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Kalina Cycle Used for Combined Heat-Power Systems

Nowadays, when global warming is increasing and air pollution threatens human health in a sensible way, the need for energy is increasing. Therefore, it is aimed not only to meet the people's energy needs but also to minimize the factors that threaten the environment. To meet the energy needs, researchers are working on different power generation systems or trying to increase the capacity of existing plants. However, industrial waste heat and flue gases, one of the most important reasons of global warming and air pollution, are released to the atmosphere and cause a great waste of energy. Therefore, the improvement of the facilities in use and the recovery of waste heat are of vital importance. In this study, the Kalina cycle, which is a new method for recovering the waste heat has been designed for a medium temperature waste heat source released from a combined heat-power system. Afterwards, the thermodynamic analysis of the designed Kalina cycle was carried out in terms of the first and second law of the thermodynamics. As a result of the study, maximum exergy destruction was observed in evaporator, while energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of Kalina cycle were calculated as 12% and 27%, respectively.

Keywords:

Kalina cycle, combined heat-power system, energy, exergy, waste heat recovery,

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