Umut Önder SU, Adnan SÖZEN, TAYFUN MENLİK

Isı Borulu Güneş Kollektörlerinde Nano Çözelti ile Performansın İyileştirilmesi

Güneş enerjili sistemler, günümüzde çok farklı alanlarda, farklı amaçlar için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Güneş enerjili sistemlerin en önemli elemanı güneş kollektörleridir. Güneş kollektörleri genel olarak düzlem yüzeyli (DYGK), vakum tüplü (VTGK), ısı borulu (IBGK) ve parabolik (PGK) olmak üzere dört tipe ayrılmakla beraber en yaygın olarak DYGK kullanılmaktadır. DYGK’nin verimini etkileyen parametreler; kollektörlerde kullanılan akışkanın ısıl iletkenliği, ısı kayıpları ve optik kayıplardır. DYGK’ların düşük verimlerinden dolayı son zamanlarda güneş enerjili sistemlerde VTGK ve IBGK’ların harmonizasyonu olan vakum tüplü ısı borulu güneş kollektörleri (VTIBGK) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. VTIBGK’lar DYGK’lerin termik ve optik kayıplarını minimize etmekte ve verim artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Güneş kollektörlerinde verimi etkileyen diğer bir parametre çalışma akışkanı olup literatürde örneğine pek rastlanmamış olunan amorf yapıdaki nano partiküller kullanılarak hazırlanmış nano akışkanların performansa etkisi irdelenmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda nanoakışkanları ısıl sistemlerde ve özellikle ısı borularında iyi sonuçlar verdiği ve verimlerini dikkate değer derecede arttırdığı görülmüştür. VTIBK’lerde nano çözelti kullanılması ile düşük ısıl direnç, yüksek ısıl iletkenlik, yüksek çalışma sıcaklıkları, kısa sürede istenen sıcaklık değerlerine ulaşılması ve verimin arttırılması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Isı Borusu, Güneş Kollektörleri, Nano Çözelti, Nano Akışkan, Performans İyileştirmesi, Güneş enerjisi

Heat Pipe Evacuated Tubular Solar Collector Performance Improvement by Applications Of Nanofluid

There are many different type of solar energy systems, which are being used widely for different applications. The most important element of these solar systems is solar collector. There are four main types: Flat Panel (FPSC), Evacuated Tube, Heat Pipe and Parabolic. The most popular type is FP, which was invented in 1950s and this type is predominantly used for last three decades not only in residential but also industrial areas. This is because of two main factors: low initial investment and easy usage. Efficiency of FPSCs are mainly effected by 3 parameters: working fluid thermal conductivity, heat losses and optical losses. Due to low efficiency of FPSCs, Evacuated Tubular Heat Pipe Solar Collectors (ETSCs) are now being studied to replace FPSCs. In this type of solar collectors, optical and thermal losses are minimized and performance of the system is better. In this study, ETSCs which are tested by charging Nano fluid were studied and these researches are very limited in the literature. Last studies proved that Nano fluids are increasing thermal efficiency especially in heat pipes. The outcomes from this study shows that using Nano fluids in ETSCs provides following benefits: Low thermal resistance, high thermal conductivity, higher working temperatures, acceleration in reaching working temperature and improvement in efficiency.

Keywords:

Heat Pipe, Solar Collectors, Nano Solution, Nano Fluid, Performance Improvement, Solar Power,

PDF

___

1. Hussein A. K. , Lib D. , Kolsic L. , Katad S. , Sahooe B. , A Review of Nano Fluid Role to Improve the Performance of the Heat pipe Solar Collectors, Energy Procedia 109 ( 2017 ) 417 – 424
2. Sabiha M. R. , Saidur R. , Mekhilef S. , Mahian O. , Progress and latest developments of evacuated tube solar collectors, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
3. Muhammad J. M. , Muhammad I. A. , Sidik N. A. C. , Yazid M. N. A. M. , Thermal performance enhancement of flat-plate and evacuated tube solar collectors using nanofluid, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 76 (2016) 6–15
4. Arslan G. (2007), Üç Kolonlu Titreşimli Isı Borusunun Matematiksel Modellenmesi Ve Deneysel İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2007
5. Leong K.Y. , Ong H. C. , Amer N.H. , Norazrina M.J. , Risby M.S. , KuAhmad K.Z. , An overview on current application of nanofluids in solar thermal collector and its challenges, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53 (2016) 1092 – 1105
6. Devendiran D. K. , Amirtham V. A. , A review on preparation, characterization, properties and applications of nanofluids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60 (2016) 21 – 40
7. Akilu S. , Sharma K.V. , Baheta A. T. , Mamat R. , A review of thermo physical properties of water based composite nano fluids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 66 (2016) 654 –678
8. ERSÖZ M. A. , YILDIZ A. , Isı Borulu Vakum Tüp Güneş Kollektörlerinde Optimum Boru Çapının Belirlenmesi, Abdullah Yıldız Şablon 28.03.2013
9. ACAR B. , ÖZ E. S. ve GEDİK E. , Ayrık Ve Birleşik Isı Borulu Kollektör Verimlerinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi, Makine Eğitimi Bölümü, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Karabük Üniversitesi
10. Sarsam W. S. , Kazi S.N. , Badarudin A. , A review of studies on using nanofluids in flat-plate solar collectors, Solar Energy 122 (2015) 1245–1265
11. Ghaderian J. , Sidik N. A. C. , An experimental investigation on the effect of Al2O3/distilled water nanofluid on the energy efficiency of evacuated tube solar collector, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 108 (2017) 972–987
12. Krishnam M, Bose S. , Das C. , Boron nitride (BN) nanofluids as cooling agent in thermal management system (TMS), Applied Thermal Engineering 106 (2016) 951–958
13. Beybin İ. , Kurt M. , Ertürk H. , Experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement and viscosity change of hBN nanofluids, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 77 (2016) 272–283
14. İnternet: Bor Rezervleri (2014-2015-2018) URL: http://www.boren.gov.tr/tr/bor/bor-rezervleri Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2018
15. Environmental Health & Safety (EHS), Nanomaterials Safety Guidelines, Concordia University
16. Li Y. , Zhou J. , Luo Z, Tung S. , Schneider E. , Wu J. and Li X, Investigation on two abnormal phenomena about thermal conductivity enhancement of BN/EG nanofluids, Li et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:443
17. Jahanbakhsh A. , Haghgou H.R. , Alizadeh S. , Experimental analysis of a heat pipe operated solar collector using water–ethanol solution as the working fluid, Solar Energy 118 (2015) 267–275
18. Liu Z. H. , Li Y. Y. , A new frontier of nanofluid research – Application of nanofluids in heat pipes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55 (2012) 6786–6797
19. Poplaski L. M. , Benn S. P. , Faghri A. , Thermal performance of heat pipes using nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 107 (2017) 358–371
20. Javadi F.S. , Saidur R. , Kamalisarvestani M. , Investigating performance improvement of solar collectors by using nano fluids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 28 (2013) 232 – 245
21. Menlik T. , Sözen A. , Gürü M. , Oztas S. ¸ Heat transfer enhancement using MgO/water nanofluid in heat pipe, Journal of the Energy Institute 88 (2015) 247 – 257
22. Menlik T. , Sözen A. , Gürü M. , Boran K. , Kılıç F. , Aktaş M. , Çakır M.T. , A comparative investigation on the effect of fly-ash and alümina nanofluids on the thermal performance of two-phase closed thermo-syphon heat pipes, Applied Thermal Engineering 96 (2016) 330–337
23. Sözen A. , Özbaş E. , Menlik T. , Çakır M. T. , Gürü M. , Boran K. , Improving the thermal performance of diffusion absorption refrigeration system with alümina nanofluids: An experimental study, international journal ofrefrigeration 44 (2014) 73 - 8 0
24. Yan S. , Wanga F. , Shi Z. , Tian R. , Heat transfer property of SiO2/water nanofluid flow inside solar collector vacuum tubes, Applied Thermal Engineering 118 (2017) 385–391
25. Ghaderian J. , Sidik N. A. C. , Kasaeian A, Ghaderian S. , Okhovat A , Pakzadeh A. , Samion S. , Yahya W. J. , Performance of copper oxide/distilled water nanofluid in evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) water heater with internal coil under thermosyphon system circulations, Applied Thermal Engineering 121 (2017) 520–536
26. Kim H. , Kim J. , Cho H. , Experimental study on performance improvement of U-tube solar collector depending on nanoparticle size and concentration of Al2O3 nanofluid, Energy 118 (2017) 1304 – 1312
27. Iranmanesh S. , Ong H. C. , Ang B. C. , Sadeghinezhad E. , Esmaeilzadeh A. , Mehrali M. , Thermal performance enhancement of an evacuated tube solar collector using graphene nanoplatelets nanofluid, Journal of Cleaner Production 162 (2017) 121 – 129
28. Pisea G. A. ,.Salveb S. S. , Pisea A. T. , Pisea A. A. , Investigation of Solar Heat Pipe Collector Using Nanofluid and Surfactant, Energy Procedia 90 ( 2016 ) 481 – 491
29. ÇİFTÇİ E. , SÖZEN A. , KARAMAN E. , TiO2 İçeren Nanoakışkan Kullanımının Isı Borusu Performansına Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği, Ankara
30. SÖZEN A. , Variyenli H. İ. , ÖZDEMİR M. B. , GÜRÜ M. , AYTAÇ İ. , Heat transfer enhancement using alumina and fly ash nanofluids in parallel and cross-flow concentric tube heat exchangers, Journal of the Energy Institute 89 (2016) 414 – 424
31. A. Sözen, M. Gürü, T. Menlik & M. Aktaş, Utilization of blast furnace slag nano-fluids in two-phase closed thermos-syphon heat pipes for enhancing heat transfer, A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion
32. Wang W. , Duan G. , Li J. , Zhao W. , Li C. , ZLiu C. , The preparation and thermal performance research of spherical Ag-H2O nanofluids & applied in heat pipe, Applied Thermal Engineering 116 (2017) 811–822
33. Du M. , Li G. , Preparation of silane-capped boron nanoparticles with enhanced dispersibility in hydrocarbon fuels , Fuel 194 (2017) 75–82
34. Sadeghinezhad E. , Mehrali M. , Rosen M. A. , Akhiani A. R. , Latibari S. T. , Mehrali M. , Metselaar H. S. C. , Experimental investigation of the effect of graphene nanofluids on heat pipe thermal performance, Applied Thermal Engineering 100 (2016) 775–787
35. Pryazhnikov M.I. , Minakov A.V. , Rudyak V. Y. , Guzei D.V. , Thermal conductivity measurements of nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 104 (2017) 1275–1282
36. Paul G. , Chopkar M. , Manna I. , Das P.K. , Techniques for measuring the thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 1913–1924
37. Li Y. , Wang Y. , Lv Q. , Qin Z. , Liu X. , Synthesis of uniform plate-like boron nitride nanoparticles from boron oxide by ball milling and annealing process, Materials Letters108(2013)96–102
38. Huminic G. , Huminic A. , Numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of thermosyphon heat pipes using nanofluids, Energy Conversion and Management 76 (2013) 393–399
39. El-Brolossy T. A. , O. Saber O. , Non-intrusive method for thermal properties measurement of nanofluids, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 44 (2013) 498–503
40. Nagarajan P. K. , Subramani J. , Suyambazhahan S. , Sathyamurthy R. , Nanofluids for solar collector applications: A Review, Energy Procedia 61 ( 2014 ) 2416 – 2434
41. Chen M. , He Y. , Zhu J. , Wen D. , Investigating the collector efficiency of silver nanofluids based direct absorption solar collectors, Applied Energy 181 (2016) 65–74
42. Saidur R. , Leong K. Y. , Mohammad H. A. , A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 1646–1668