Yapılı Çevrelerde Zamana Bağlı Mekansal Değişimin Analitik Olarak Ölçülmesi ve Görselleştirilmesi: İstanbul Beyazıt Meydanı Örnek Alan İncelemesi

Tobler'in "Birinci Coğrafya Kanunu" birbirine yakın mekansal unsurların, uzak unsurlara göre birbirleriyle daha ilişkili olduğunu belirtir. Diğer bir deyişle, birbirine yakın bileşenler veya parçalar arasında birbirine uzak bileşenlere veya parçalara kıyasla daha yakın bir ilişki vardır. Bu aynı zamanda yapılı çevrenin ilişkisel bir süreç içinde topolojik olarak vücud bulduğunu ve toplam mekansal oluşumun belli bir bütünlük derecesi ortaya çıkardığını ifade eder.Bu araştırma, C. Alexander'ın "Ölçek Dereceleri" bütünlük özelliğini C. Shannon'ın "Shannon Bilgi Enropisi" ile birlikte morfolojik bir çeviri arayüzü olarak kullanarak veri elde etmekte ve bu yolla mekansal bir formun barındırdığı belirsizliği ve düzensizliği ölçmeye izin vermektedir. Verilen bir bilgiyi ölçme yöntemi olarak Shannon'ın bilgi entropisi teorisi bu araştırmada yapılı çevrelerin çok ölçekli bağlamlarının taşıdığı belirsizlik ve düzensizliklerinin ölçülmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Sonuçlar incelenen örnek yapılı çevrenin bütünlük derecesini açıklamada kullanılmaktadır. Son 60 yılda geçirdiği yıkıcı kentleşme, yaklaşık 50 hektarlık yakın çevresiyle birlikte Beyazıt Meydanı'nda dikkate değer bir değişime yol açtı. Bu değişimi, geliştirilen yöntem ile ölçmek amacıyla, ham veri olarak 1946 ve 2013 yıllarına ait bina ayak izleri vektörel verisi kullanıldı ve çok-ölçekli analizler sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar meydanın son 60 yılda toplam bütünlüğünün, toplam entropy-iqr değerinin 0,77'den 1,02'e çıkarak, önemli oranda azaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Örnek alan analizleri sonuçları meydanda yapılan değerlendirmelere ait raporların tespitlerini desteklemekte ve bu tespitler tarafından doğrulanmaktadır. Alanda yapılan değerlendirmeler ayrıca renk-kodlaması görselleştirmesi sonuçlarıyla da tutarlılık arz etmektedir

Analytical Measuring and Visualization of Spatio-Temporal Change in Built Environments: Beyazıt Square Case Study Area in Istanbul

Tobler’s First Law of Geography states that nearby things are more related than distant things. In other words, there is a close relationship between nearby things compared to distant things. This also implies that built form is in a relational process in its topologic embodiment and the overall spatial form emerges a certain degree of wholeness. Mediating C. Alexander’s “levels of scale” property as a morphologic translation interface and using Shannon’s Entropy theory as a data-mining method, this study allows revealing the degree of uncertainty and disorderliness that a certain spatial complexity embodies. Shannon’s Entropy, a method of measuring the information, has been employed in this study in measuring the state of uncertainty and disorderliness conveyed through the multi-scalar context of built configuration across scales. Results have been hypothesized to correlate with the degree of wholeness, in other word completeness, of the case built area. Beyazit Square with its 50-hectare environs in the Peninsula of Istanbul has been selected as the case area due to the remarkable change that the square experienced through a harsh urbanization over the last sixty years. Building footprints belonging to two time periods have been used as raw data. Multi-scalar analyses conducted upon the data of 1946 and 2013 revealed that the wholeness of the square has deteriorated, from 0,77bit to 1,02bit entropy level within last sixty years. This finding is being verified by the remarks of the spatial assessments done for the square and visualized by the color-coding way of data-visualization

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